The body cavity that contains many of the major organs of digestion and excretion. It's located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis
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Acetabulum
The depression on the the lateral pelvis where its three component bones join, i which the femoral head fits snugly.
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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
The nucleotide involved in energy metabolism; used to store energy.
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Adrenal glands
Endocrine glands located in top of the kidneys that release adrenaline when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system.
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Adrenergic
Pertaining to nerves that release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine or noradrenaline(eg, adrenergic nerves, adrenergic response); also pertains to the receptors acted on by norepinephrine
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Aerobic metabolism
Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen.
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Agonal gasps
Abnormal breathing pattern characterized by slow, gasping breaths, sometimes seen in patients in cardiac arrest.
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Alpha-adrenergic receptors
Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause constriction of blood vessels.
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Alveoli
The air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
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Anaerobic metabolism
Metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the main by-product is lactic acid.
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Anatomic position
The position of reference in which the patients stands facing forward, arms ay the side, with palms of the hands forward.
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Anatomy
The study of the physical structure of the body and its components.
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Aorta
The main artery leaving the left side of the heart and carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body.
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Appendicular skeleton
The portion of the skeletal system that comprises the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle.
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Appendix
A small, tubular structure that is attached to the lower border of the cecum in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen.
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Arterioles
The smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries.
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Articular cartilage
A pearly layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces (Contact surfaces on the ends) of bones in synovial joints.
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Atrium
One of the two upper chambers of the heart.
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Autonomic nervous system
The part of the nervous system that regulates functions, such as digestion and sweating, that are not controlled voluntarily.
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Axial skeleton
The part of the skeleton comprising the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage,
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Axons
Extensions of a neuron that carry impulses away form the nerve cell body to the dendrites (receivers) of another neuron.
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Ball-and-socket joint
A joint that allows internal and external rotation, as well as bending.
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Beta-adrenergic receptors
Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause an increase in the force of contraction of the heart, an increased heart rate, and bronchial dilation.
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Biceps
The large muscle that covers the front oof the humerus.
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Bile ducts
The ducts that convey bile between the liver and the intestine.
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Blood pressure (BP)
The pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them.
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Brachial artery
The major vessel in the upper extremities that supplies blood to the arm.
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Brain
The controlling organ of the body and center of consciousness; functions include perception, control of reactions to the environment, emotional responses, and judgement.
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Brainstem
he area of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum ; controls functions that are necessary of life, such as respiration.
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Calcaneus
The heel bone.
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Capillary vessels
The tiny blood vessels between the arterioles and venules that permit transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste between body tissues and the blood.
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Cardiac muscle
The heart muscle.
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Cardiac output
A measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate.
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Carotid artery
The major artery that supplies blood to the head and brain.
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Carpals
Small bones that compose the wrist.
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Cartilage
The smooth connective tissue that forms the support structure of the skeletal system and provides cushioning between bones ; also forms the nasal septum and portions of the outer ear.
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Cecum
The first part of the large intestine, into which the ileum opens.
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Cellular metabolism
A set pf chemical reactions that supplies cells with energy. Includes both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism.
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Central nervous system (CNS)
The brain and spinal cord.
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Cerebellum
One of the three major subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the little brain ; coordinates the various activities of the brain, particularly fine body movements.
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes meninges.
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Cerebrum
The largest part of the three subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the gray matter ; made up of several lobes that control movement, hearing, balance, speech, visual perception, emotions, and personality.
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Cervical spine
The portion of the vertebral column consisting of the first seven vertebrae that lie in the neck.
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Chordae tendineae
Thin band of fibrous tissue that attach to the values in the heat and prevent them from inverting.
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Chyme
The substance that leaves the stomach. It's a combo of all of the eaten foods with added stomach acids.
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Circulatory system
The complex arrangement of connected tubes, including the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins, that moves blood, oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and cellular waste throughout the body.
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Clavice
he collarbone ; it's lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula.
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Coccyx
The last three or four vertebrae of the spine ; the tail bone.
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Coronal (frontal) plane
An imaginary plane where the body is divided into front and back parts.
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Coxae
The hip bones (Singular:coxa)
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Cranium
The part of the skull that encloses the brain and is composed of eight bones.
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Cricoid cartilage
A firm ridge of cartilage that forms the lower part of the larynx.
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Cricothyroid membrane
Thin sheet of fascia that connects the thyroid and crinoid cartilages that make up the larynx.
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Dead space
Ay portion of the airway that does contain air and cannot participate in gas exchange, such as the trachea and bronchi.
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Dermis
The inner layer of the skin, containing hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels.
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Diaphragm
A muscular dome that forms the undersurface of the thorax, separating the chest from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of this ( and the chest wall muscles) brings air into the lungs. Relaxation allows air to be expelled form the lungs.
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Disatole
The relaxation, or period of relaxation, of the heart especially of the ventricles.
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Diffusion
Movement of a gas from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concerntration.
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Digestion
The processing of food that nourishes the individual cells of the body.
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Dorsalis pedis artery
The artery on the anterior surface of the foot between the first and second metatarsals.
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Endocrine system
The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones.
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Enzymes
Substances designed to speed up the rate of specific biochemical reactions.
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Epidermis
The outer layer of skin, which is made up of cells that are sealed together to form a watertight protective covering for the body.
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Epiglottis
A thin, leaf-shaped value that allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents food and liquids from entering.
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Epinephrine
A substance produced by the body (commonly called adrenaline), and a drug produced by pharmaceutical companies that increases pulse rate and blood pressure ; the drug of choice for an anaphylactic reaction.
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Esophagus
A collapsible tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach; muscle contractions propel food and liquids through it to the stomach.
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Expiratory reserve volume
The amount of air that can be exhaled following anormal exhalation ; average volume is about 1,200 mL in the average adult man
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Extension
The straightening of a joint
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Fallopian tubes
The tubes that connect each ovary with the uterus and are the primary location for fertilization of the ovum.
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Femoral artery
The major artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery. It supplies blood to the lower Abdominal wall, external genitalia, and legs. It can be palpated in the groin area.
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Femoral head
The proximal end of the end of the femur, articulating with he acetabulum to form the hip joint.
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Femur
The thighbone; the longest and one of the strongest bones in the body.
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Fibula
The smaller of the two bones that form the lower leg, located on the lateral side.
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Flexion
The bending of a joint
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Foramen magnum
A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord.
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Frontal bones
The bones of the cranium that form the forehead.
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Gallbladder
A sac on the undersurface of the liver that collects bile from the liver and discharges it into the duodenum through the common bile duct.
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Genital system
The reproductive system in men and women.
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Germinal layer
The deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are formed.
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Greater trochanter
A bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the thigh just elbow the hip joint.
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Hair follices
The small organs that produce hair.
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Heart
A hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
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Heart rate (HR)
The number of heartbeats during a specific time (usually 1 minute).
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Hemoglobin
An oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells.
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Hinge joints
Joints that cab vend and straighten but cannot rotate; they restrict motion to one plane.
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Hormones
Substances formed in specialized organs or glands and carried to another organ or group of cells in the same organism; they regulate many body functions, including metabolism, growth, and body temperature.
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Humerus
The supporting bone of the upper arm.
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Hydrostatic pressure
The pressure of water against the walls of its container.
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Hypercapnia
An abnormally high lvl of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream; also celled hypercarbia.
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Hypoperfusion
A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular function; also called shock.
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Hypoxia
Deficient oxygen concentration in the tissues.
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Hypoxic drive
A "backup system" to control respiration; senses drops in the oxygen level in the blood.
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Ilium
One of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring.
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Inferior vena cava
One of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood form the lower extremities and the pelvis and abdominal organs to the heart.
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Inspiratory reserve volume
The amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation; the amount of air that can be inhaled in addition to the normal tidal volume.
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Interstitial space
The space in between the cells.
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Intervertebral disks
Tough, elastic structures between adjoining vertebrae that acts as shock absorbers.
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Intracellular space
The space within a cell or cells.
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Involuntary muscle
The muscle over which a person has no conscious control. It's found in automatic regulating systems of the body.
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Ischium
One of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring.
Studied by 28 people
