SCI 100 Week 4 Outline

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture notes related to chemistry, including definitions and explanations of various terms and principles.

Central Science

Chemistry is considered the ____________ because it is present in biology, medicine, engineering, astronomy, and literally everything.

Scientific Method

A systematic approach to scientific inquiry consisting of steps: Observation, Hypothesis, Experimentation, Data Analysis, and Theory/Law Formation.

Macroscopic Domain

Observations at the visible level in chemistry.

Microscopic Domain

Atomic and molecular level interactions studied in chemistry.

Symbolic Domain

The use of chemical equations and symbols to represent chemical reactions.

Solid

A state of matter with a definite shape and volume.

Liquid

A state of matter with a definite volume that takes the shape of its container.

Gas

A state of matter with no fixed volume or shape.

Plasma

An ionized gas, which is one of the four fundamental states of matter.

Law of Conservation of Matter

States that matter is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.

Element

A substance consisting of a single type of atom, such as oxygen or carbon.

Compound

A substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded, like H2O.

Mixture

A combination of substances that are not chemically bonded.

Homogeneous Solution

A mixture with a uniform composition throughout.

Heterogeneous

A mixture with a non-uniform composition.

Physical Properties

Characteristics that can be observed without changing the composition of a substance, such as color and density.

Chemical Properties

Characteristics that describe a substance's reactivity and potential changes, leading to the formation of new chemicals.

SI Units

Standardized units of measurement used in chemistry, such as meters for length, kilograms for mass, and liters for volume.

Metric Prefixes

Prefixes that denote specific powers of ten: Kilo (k) for 1000, Centi (c) for 0.01, and Milli (m) for 0.001.

Accuracy

How close a measured value is to the true value.

Precision

How close multiple measurements are to each other, regardless of accuracy.