Modern global history midterm

Songhay empire

Located in Northern Africa but is controlled by India.

Not very big compared to the Ottoman Empire.

Gao is the capital.

Timbuktu

In located in the middle of nowhere in Mali in Africa.

Has the largest library in the world.

Trading post.

Islamic.

Kowtow

A bow that shows signs of respect in Asia

(Qing Dynasty)

George Macartney

Brought letter from King George III to negotiate a commercial treaty and establish diplomatic representation between Britain and the Qianlong Empire.

Did not kowtow which was disrespectful to the Asians and was later kicked out because he overstayed his welcome.

Battle of Sekigahara

Took place in October of 1600.

Was the largest battle fought and the winner would transform Japan for 250 years.

Marked end of the Sengoku period and the beginning of the Edo period

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Was the military leader in Japan that established the Tokugawa shogunate (military government that ruled Japan).

Wu San Gui

Was the guard of the entrance of the Great Wall of China.

The

Hong Taiji

Was a leader that renames the dynasty the Great Qing. Called Jurchens Manchus.

8th son of Nurhaci.

His goal is to attack the Chinese

Kingdom of Ndongo

In Africa and was heavily engaged in the slave trade.

The kingdom expanded so they could search for more captives, that would then become slaves.

The Portuguese invaded but didn’t really succeed because they didn’t have guns.

Kingdom of Kongo

has the largest standing army in Africa of 5000 troops.

Has early contact with the Portuguese.

the king converts the kingdom to Christianity, but the kind himself is catholic.

the kingdom became heavily dependent of Portugal.

people = wealth

the ones they don’t kill when expanding, were kept as captives and used as slaves

“Source of slaves”

Afonso I

Congolese Christian who converts seizes the throne

communicates with the pope of Rome

his son is made bishop which is a big deal for Africa because there are only 2 African bishops

they have firearms from Portugal

khoesan

native people of south africa

think of native americans in the usa

boers

farmer in dutch

trekboers

pulling farmers

the middle passage

slave forts to transatlantic shipping to auctions

had a 15-30% death rate

leading causes of death:

malnutrition, disease, suicide, murder, tightpacking

tighpacking

a method they used to tightly pack slaves together below deck, that’s how disease spread so quickly

nurhaci

anti-ming jurchen leaders that claims that the ming killed his father

8 banners

military system that ruled the jurchen life

men women and children would wear it

jurchen goals were to support the military unit

Hon Taiji

succeeds nurhaci, renames the dynasty the great qing

calls the jurchen manchus

8th sone of nurhaci

his goal was to attack the chinese

his son attacks the chines after he dies

he lead then army to where the great wall of china meets the sea

they kill the leader and take over the capital

qing dynasty

also called the manchu dynasty

rules for 300 years

the qing keep the government system of the ming

doesn’t interfere with the people and the way they are used to the government doing things,

no big wars of massacres unless they were trying to get more land

didn’t change the taxes

kangxi

emperors of the qing dynasty for 61 years

warrior and poet

he kills Wu sangui

died in 1722

became emperor when he was 7

yongzheng

not a badass or fighter

really good at administrations

sitting at a desk doing work

kind of homework

known for working late at night and pulling all nighters

gets rid of corruption

makes sure taxes get paid and officials do their jobs

quianlong

ruled for 60 years

more food, people, economy

start of the huge population of china

by the end of his reign, china had 300 thousand people

he tripled the population during his reign

*the china macartney is coming for

Sankin kotai

a japanese ruler that doesn’t trust other leaders so he forces them to live in his capital every other year

if they try to rebel against him, then tokugawa would kill the leaders wife and heir

terakoya

temple schools that provided and education to commoners

kabuki

an art of dance

Nguyen dynasty

administers the state under Confucian values ad modeled chins administrative system

didn’t accept Chinas right to interfere in internal affairs

Vietnamese are fiercely independence

akbard

expands and consolidates the empire

establishes the Mughal bureaucracy

local powerful families and chiefs become mansabdors serving as member of high imperial bureaucracy

land = money

Mansubdar are devoted to Akbar

married a hindu princess over a Muslim

abolishes the jizya (yearly tax on muslims)

shah jahan

builds the taj mahal for his wife

less tolerant and inclusive than Akbar (his grandpa)P

not a monster just less open to other cultures

brings islam more front and center

taj mahal

built by shah Jahan

made of marble

significant architecture

Aurangzeb

attempted the Islamification of the empire

reinstitutes the jizya tax (Muslim yearly tax)

oversees expansion of the empire

he killed his brother and chopped off his head off and sent it to his dad to show him that he is in charge now

Shivaji Bhonsle

rebels against his home sultanate in the deccan plain

Aurangzeb sends and army to degreed expanding Shivaji because he noticed he was too powerful

he must give up all the land he has taken because he lost

he accepted the position in the mughal empire

arrangzeb arrests him

he esacpes dressed as a women

seven years war

to the Americans the French Indian war

french fought the British in India

leads to the fall of the Mughal empire

mughals side with the French

British won the war

British took of regions of India

janissaries

kidnapped kids

very powerful army

topkapi palace

took 24 years to make

living quarters of the Sulton

has a hospital and dorms for the janissaries

Roxelana

the chief consort and later wife of the Suleyman the magnificent

involved in palace intrude and perhaps responsible for the sultan killing her son because she wanted her son to be the heir

Mimar Sinan

responsible for most of the middle eastern architecture style

believed that the taj mahal took from him

Sulaymaniyah mosque

battel of vienna

they went there but left and said that they’d come back but when they came back the europeans have taken over vienna and the ottoman empire stops expanding here

Babur

come from Afghanistan

his goal is to take over all of south India

defeats a number of Sulton’s

northern India is Islamic whereas the rest is Hindu

Mughal

way more successful and powerful than Babur

has firearms

gun power empire

tax farming

when you want land and the profit but don’t want to take care of it so you buy the right to collect the taxes

Zheng He

commanded expeditions to southeast Asia, south Asia and the middle each, and east Africa

sent him a fleet of ships

showed his flag and what they have to trade

was not maintained and stopped abruptly because the Mongols came back and were still a problem in the north

jurchen

supported the military system (men women and children)

jaipur city palace

built when the mughal empire was falling

first known observatory

skilled as builders

very little mughal influence

cape fronteir wars

no specific “winner”

went from 1779-1803

mansabdars

respond directly to the empire

member of high imperial bureaucracy

rosso-turkish war

one of the 2 wars Russia fought and won which lead to ottoman empire contract/shrink because russia took that land

shogun

military government that ruled japan

english/british east india company

conquers batavia (jakarta)

establishes a fort and settlement at table bay (cape town)

tiny island reserved for t