Review part 1

Fusion

Two tooth buds fused together

-2 roots, one crown

Gemination

2 crowns from one tooth bud

1 root, 2 crowns

Abfraction

Lateral occlusal forces stress the enamel rods at the cervical areas, resulting in enamel rod fracture over time."pie wedges"

Fremitus

The vibration or movement of a tooth when teeth come into contact together.

If you were to take your finger and lay it along the front surfaces of teeth, and have the patient close together, and the tooth/teeth moved

Erosion

-the wearing away of the tooth by chemical

means. The eroded area is smooth looking.

-soda or bulimia

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

-calcified pulp chambers; bell shaped teeth; this is a hereditary disorder.

-This condition is sometimes correlated with osteogenesis imperfecta

Amelogenesis imperfecta

-Hereditary disorder

-Enamel is very friable and may flake away.

-Scaling procedures should be modified

Enamel hypoplasia

-Incomplete formation of the enamel matrix during tooth development.

- This can occur due to an illness or high fever.

-Remember there is no such thing as enamel HYPERplasia!

Enamel Hypocalcification

-Happens during tooth development; usually smooth, white area, but may become stained brown.

Fluorosis

-can range from white hypocalcified areas to brown stain and hypoplastic enamel.

-Patients with fluorosis are at lower risk for getting caries.

-occurs when there is too much systemic fluoride during tooth development

-Doesn’t usually appear on just one tooth

Enamel Decalcification

Happens after tooth is formed.

-Plaque decalcifies the enamel and further decalcification can lead to caries.

What method of brushing misses the cervical area?

Roll technique

What is this condition?

Diastema

-can occur from strong frenum attachment or genetics

Mamelons

small, rounded, enamel bumps on the cutting edges of newly erupted permanent front teeth (incisors)

This child's teeth erupted like this. What is the condition?

Hutchinson's incisors from congenital syphilis

What is this condition?

Supernumerary teeth

What is this condition?

Tetracycline stain

-Endogenous/intrinsic stain

Why is green stain difficult to remove?

It's usually due to poor oral hygiene and becomes embedded in areas of decalcification

What is this condition?

Fissured tongue

-Tongue brushing should definitely be emphasized to the patient!

What is this condition?

Exostosis

the incisal edge of the maxillary anterior teeth falls in the middle third of the mandibular anterior teeth

How would you classify this overbite?

Moderate

What is this condition?

Geographic tongue

-a.k.a. benign migratory glossitis

-a.k.a. erythema migrans

Leukoedema

grayish/whitish area, usually buccal mucosa but can also appear on lateral border of tongue

This lesion is caused by the Epstein Barr virus.

What is it?

Hairy leukoplakia

conditions caused by the Epstein Barr virus:

-Leukoplakia

-Mononucleosis

-Burkitt's lymphoma

Identify some symptoms of mononucleosis:

Fatigue, sore throat, fever, swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy, headache, skin rash, soft, swollen spleen)

What is this condition?

Hematoma (blood blister due to trauma)

What is this condition?

Hemangioma (congenital)

blood-filled tumor

Usually present for some time

What is this condition?

Amalgam tattoo

What is this condition?

Lichen planus

-note lacelike Wickman's striae

-autoimmune disorder precipitated by STRESS

Aspirin Burn will cause:

Tissue necrosis

What is this condition?

tissue necrosis

- This is due to a chemical burn.

What is this condition

Leukoplakia from smokeless tobacco use.

Note "ebb-tide" leathery appearance.

Condition?

Median Rhomboid Glossitis

Treatment may include an antifungal agent like Nystatin®

Condition?

Torus palantinus

What is the most likely cause for the redness on this torus?

Trauma

Condition

Angular Cheilitis

Angular cheilitis

-due to decreased vertical dimension, resulting in a fungal infection (Candidiasis) because of saliva creating a moist env or a vitamin B deficiency.

-Treatment depends on the cause, if it's fungal (more common cause), you need an antifungal agent like Nystatin®

Condition?

Drug induced gingival enlargement

What drugs can cause gingival enlargement?

cyclosporine (Sandimmune®)

dilitiazem (Cardizem®)

nifedipine (Procardia)

diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin®)

This patient complains of an itching, wedging sensation, bad breath and pain when she brushes. She also says she feels "run down."

What is her condition?

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

What is the treatment for NUG (Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis)?

-Vigorous rinsing with warm water, weak saline solution, oxygenating rinse (hydrogen peroxide, Peroxyl® or Glycoside®) every hour during acute symptoms.

-liquid nutritional supplements like Ensure® or Boost® due to mouth soreness.

-diet of soft bland foods

-General debridement with manual instruments and warm water for frequent irrigation is recommended.

Condition?

Epulis Fissuratum

(a.k.a. denture induced fibrous hyperplasia)

Condition?

Papillary Hyperplasia

How long should dentures be left out?

At least 2 hours every day

Condition?

Fibrous Hyperplasia

Conditions?

Nicotinic stomatitis