Nursing Research Chapter 1 Quiz

What does the word research mean?

"To search again" or "to examine carefully"

Research is....

a diligent systematic inquiry or study that validates and refines existing knowledge and develops new knowledge

Ultimate goal of research?

To develop an empirical body of knowledge for a discipline or profession, such as nursing

What is nursing research?

a scientific process that validates and refines existing knowledge and generates new knowledge that directly and indirectly influences nursing practice.

What is the key to builing an EBP for our profession?

nursing research

Ultimate goal of nursing?

An EBP that promotes quality, safe, and cost-effective outcomes for patients

Components of EBP?

1. Best research evidence

2. Clinical expertise

3. Patient circumstances and values

What is best research evidence?

Empirical knowledge generated from the sysnthesis of quality health studies to address a clinical problem.

What is clinical expertise?

The knowledge and skills of health care professional providing care

-depends on his/her years of clinical experience, current knowledge of research and clinical literature, and educational preparation

-the stronger the clinical expertise, the better clinical judgment in implementing best research

what are patient circumstances?

include the individual's clinical state, which might focus on health promotion, illness prevention, acute or chronic illness management, rehab, and or peaceful death, etc

1st recognized nurse researcher?

Florence Nightingale

what is a case study?

involves an in-depth analysis and systematic description of one patient or group of similar patients to promote the understanding of healthcare interventions, problems, and/or situations.

The vision for nursing research in the 21st century?

conducting quality studies using a variety of methodologies, synthesizing the study findings into the best research evidence, and using this research evidence to guide practice.

-clinical research

What is the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses?

the initiative identified requisite knowledge, skills, and attitude statements for each of the competencies (patient-centered care, teamwork and collaboration, EBP, quality improvement, safety, and informatics) for prelicensure and graduate education

what is knowledge?

essential information that is acquired in a variety of ways and is expected to be an accurate reflection of reality that is used to direct a person's actions

How is nursing knowledge acquired?

-traditions

-authority

-borrowing

-trial and error

-personal experience

-role modeling

-intuition

-reasoning

Empirical knowledge is gained by employing

quantitative, qualitative, and outcomes research

inductive reasoning?

moves from specific to the general; particular instances are observed and then combined into a larger whole or a general statement

deductive reasoning?

moves from general to the specific or from a general premise to particular situation or conclusion

A formal, objective, systematic process in which numerical data are used to obtain information about the world?

Quantitative research

Branch of philosophy for quantitative research?

Logical positivism= operates on strict rules of logic, truth, laws, and predictions

What is the theoretical focus for quantitative research?

tests theory

A systematic subjective approach used to describe life experiences and situations and give them meaning?

Qualitative research

The philosophic base of qualitative research?

Naturalistic, interpretive, humanistic

-Descriptive resarch

-Correlational research

-Quasi-experimental research

Are all types of what type of research?

Quantiative research

What type of research explores new areas of research and describes situations as they exist in the world?

Descriptive research

What type of research examines relationships and is conducted to develop and refine explanatory knowledge for nursing practice?

Correlational research

What type of research determines the effectiveness of nursing interventions in predicting and controlling the outcomes desired for patients and families?

Quasi-experimental and experimental studies

-Phenomenological

-Grounded theory

-Ethnographic research

-Exploratory-descriptive

All are what types of research?

Qualitative

What type of research is an inductive holistic approach used to describe an experience as it is lived by individuals, such as the lived experience of losing a child?

Phenomenlogical research

What type of research is an inductive research technique used to formulate, test, and refine a theory about a particular phenomenon?

Grounded theory research

What type of research was developed by the discipline of anthropology for investing cultures through an in-depth study of memebers of the culture?

Ethnographic research

What type of research is conducted to address an issue or problem in need of a solution and/or understanding?

Exploratory-descriptive research

What is mixed methods research?

an approach to inquiry that combines quantitative and qualitative research methods in a single study.

Research that focuses on examining the results of care and determining the changes in health status for the patient and family?

Outcomes research

Some essential areas that require investigations through outcomes research include the following:

1. patient responses to nursing and medical interventions

2. functional maintenance or improvement of physical, mental, and social functioning for the patient

3. financial outcomes achieved with the provision of healthcare services

4. patient satisfaction with health outcomes, care received, and healthcare providers

What is an individual, family, or community state, behavior, or preception that is measured along a continuum in response to nursing interventions?

Nursing-sensitive outcomes

The research evidence needed in clinical practice includes studies focused on what 4 things....?

1. Description

2. Explanation

3. Prediction

4. Control of Phenomena

Involves identifying and understanding the nature of nursing phenomena and sometimes the relationships among them?

Description

Ex: Identification of the hope phenomenon and its dimensions or characteristics

Ex: Identification and classification of nursing diagnoses

Ex: Description of the responses of individuals to a variety of health conditions and aging

Clarifies the relationships among phenomena and identifies possible reasons why certain events occur?

Explanation

Ex: Understanding which factors are related to and the full nature of caring for a newborn in the family

Ex: Examining the relationships among the assessment data and a nursing diagnosis

Estimating the probability of specific outcome in a given situation?

Prediction

Ex: Prediction of the risk for a disease or injury in different populations

Ex: Prediction of behaviors that promote health and prevent illness

The ability to write a prescription ot produce the desired results?

Control

Ex: testing the effectiveness of interventions to improve the health status of individuals and fmailies

Ex: sythesis of research for development into EBP guidelines

Read and critically appraise studies, use best research evidence in practice with guidance, assist with problem identification and data collection are the expectations of which type of nursing education?

BSN

Critically appraise and synthesize studies to develop and revise protocols, algorithms, and policies for practice. Implement best research evidence in practice, collaborate in reserach projects and provide clinical expertise for research are the expecations of which type of nursing education?

MSN

Participate in evidence-based guideline development, develop,implement, evaluate, and revise as needed protocols, policies, and evicence based guidelines in practice, conduct clinical studies, usually in collaboration w/other nursing researchers are the expectations of which type of nursing education?

DNP

MAJOR ROLE, such as PRIMARY INVESTIGATOR, in conducting resarch and contributing to the empirical knowledge generated in a selected area of study, obtain funding for research, coordinate reserach teams of BSN, MSN, and DNP nurses?

Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing

A structured, comprehensive sythesis of the research literature to determine the best research evidence available to address a health care question?

Systematic Review- involves identifying, locating, appraising, and synthesizing quality research evidence for expert clinicians to use to promote an EBP

Conducted to combine or pool the results from previous quantitative studies into a single statstical analysis that provides strong evidence about an intervention's effectiveness?

Meta-Analysis

Is the process and product of systematically reviewing and formally integrating the findings from qualitative studies?

Qualitative research synthesis

Defined as the systematic compilation and integration of qualitative study results to expand understanding and develop a unique interpretation of study findings in a selected area?

Meta-synthesis

Mixed-methods systematic review

Synthesis that includes various study designs, such as qualitative research and quasi-experimental, correlational, and descriptive quantitative studies

Rigorous and explicit clinical guidelines that have been developed based on the best research evidence available in that area?

Evidence-based guidelines

Involves the careful examination of all aspects of a study to judge its strenths, limiations, meaning, and significance

critical appraisal of research

The nurse researcher is exploring the relationship between health promotion and illness prevention strategies used by a variety of populations. What purpose would this research fulfill?

Description

-Description involves identifying and understanding the nature of nursing phenomena and, sometimes, the relationships among them. Explanation clarifies the relationships among phenomena and identifies possible reasons why certain events occur. Through prediction, one can estimate the probability of a specific outcome in each situation. If one can predict the outcome of a situation, the next step is to control or manipulate the situation to produce the desired outcome.

The nurse researcher is conducting a synthesis of research for developing a guideline to implement and evaluate in the practice setting. What purpose would this research fulfill?

Description

Explanation

Prediction

Control

Control

The nurse is researching the incidence of pressure ulcers with a new skin care ointment to determine the cause and effect interactions among variables. This is known as which type of research?

Correlational research

Descriptive research

Grounded theory research

Quasi-experimental research

Quasi-experimental research

Quasi-experimental research is a type of quantitative research that involves the systematic investigation of cause and effect interactions among variables. Correlational research examines relationships and is conducted to develop and refine explanatory knowledge for nursing practice. Descriptive research explores new areas of research and describes situations as they exist in the world. Grounded theory research is an inductive research technique used to formulate, test, and refine a theory about a particular phenomenon.

study is entitled, "The Use of Massage as an Intervention for Decreasing Low Back Pain." Based on this title, how would the nurse appraise this type of research?

Correlational research

Descriptive research

Ethnographic research

Quasi-experimental research

Quasi-experimental research

The title indicates that the study is quasi-experimental; this type of study examines the cause and effect relationship between independent and dependent variables. The title of the study identifies an intervention of massage (independent variable) and an outcome of decreasing low back pain (dependent variable). Correlational research examines relationships and is conducted to develop and refine explanatory knowledge for nursing practice. Descriptive research explores new areas of research and describes situations as they exist in the world. Ethnographic research was developed by the discipline of anthropology for investigating cultures through an in-depth study of the members of the culture.

Braden developed a scale to assess a patient's risk for developing a pressure ulcer. Patients admitted to a hospital are assessed for their risk of pressure ulcer development and are provided interventions to prevent ulcers. This is an example of knowledge that can be used to ___________ outcomes in practice.

Control can be described as the ability to write a prescription to produce the desired outcome(s) in practice. Nurses can implement specific interventions in their care plans to help patients achieve positive health outcomes and in this example to prevent pressure ulcer development.

Which inductive research technique is used to formulate, test, and refine a theory about a particular phenomenon?

Grounded Theory

The nurse researcher determines that published research is qualitative if it demonstrates which characteristic?

It lacks a purpose statement.

It depends on surveys for data.

It provides no suggestions for practice.

It presents results as a narrative.

Qualitative research data are in the form of words, whereas quantitative data are in the form of numbers. Quantitative research is a formal, objective, systematic process in which numerical data are used to obtain information about the world. Qualitative research is also systematic but is an interactive and subjective approach to describe life experiences and give them meaning. Both types of research have a purpose statement and can use a survey instrument; however, neither depends on surveys for data. Both result in the generation of scientific knowledge for nursing practice.