Untitled Flashcards Set

Memory

The persistence of learning over time through encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Encoding

The process of putting information into the memory system.

Storage

How encoded information is retained over time.

Retrieval

The process of getting information out of memory storage.

Explicit Memories

Memories of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare; also called declarative memories.

Implicit Memories

Retention independent of conscious recollection; also called nondeclarative memories.

Effortful Processing

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.

Automatic Processing

Unconscious encoding of incidental information.

Chunking

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units.

Mnemonic Devices

Memory aids, especially techniques using vivid imagery and organizational devices.

Deep Processing

Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words, which tends to yield the best retention.

Self-Reference Effect

Information deemed 'relevant to me' is processed more deeply and remains more accessible.

Flashbulb Memories

Clear memories of emotionally significant moments.

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

Neural basis for learning and remembering associations.

Recall

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier.

Recognition

A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned.

Relearning

A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again.

Mood-Congruent Memory

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood.

Serial Position Effect

Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list.

Proactive Interference

Prior learning disrupts recall of new information.

Retroactive Interference

New learning disrupts recall of old information.

Source Amnesia

Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined.

Misinformation Effect

Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event.

Substance Use Disorder

A disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk.

Depressants

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

Stimulants

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

Hallucinogens

Psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of external stimuli.