Korean Language - Hangul and Pronunciation

Flashcards covering Hangul table, vowels, consonants, diphthongs, and pronunciation rules.

Hangul

Korean Alphabet

Vowels (ㅏ, ㅑ, ㅓ, ㅕ, ㅗ, ㅛ, ㅜ, ㅠ, ㅡ, ㅣ)

Pronounced as a, ya, eo, yeo, o, yo, u, yu, eu, i

Consonants (ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅎ)

Pronounced as k/g, n, t/d, r, m, p/b, s, ng/null, ch/j, ch, k, t, p, h

Diphthongs (ㅐ, ㅒ, ㅔ, ㅖ, ㅘ, ㅙ, ㅚ, ㅝ, ㅞ, ㅟ, ㅢ)

Combined vowels pronounced as ae, yae, e, ye, wa, wae, oe, wo, we, wi, ui

Tense Sounds (Basic Vowels) ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉ

kka, tta, ppa, ssa, jja

Tense Sounds (Diphthongs) 꺠, 떄, 뺴, 썌, 쨰

kkae, ttae, ppae, ssae, jjae

Batchim

Final Consonant at the end of a syllable

ㄳ, ㄵ, ㄶ, ㄼ, ㄽ, ㄾ, ㅀ, ㅄ

Double Final Consonants--On the left batchim is pronunced

ㄺ,ㄻ,ㄿ

Double Final Consonants--Pronounce the left batchim

Fortis Phenomenon

ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ,ㅈ become strong consonants when come after ㄶ or ㅀ

Aspirated Consonant Phenomenon

ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ,ㅈ become strong consonants (ㅋ,ㅌ,ㅍ,ㅊ) come before or after the batchim ㅎ

Nasalization

ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ,ㅅ,ㅈ come after ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ batchims, their pronunciation will become double consonants like ㄲ,ㄸ,ㅃ,ㅆ,ㅉ, respectively

Soft Consonants

If a batchim other than ㅎ is followed by ㅇ, the consonant of batchim will be combined with the vowel following