History: Unit 3: Roaring 20s

Two reasons why women’s roles changed in the 1920s

1. WWI: Women needed in the workforce. As a result, increased sense of independence.

2. 19th Amendment: Women became empowered to take control of their future.

Identify ways in which women acted differently or thought differently in the 1920s. (4)

• Many women began smoking, drinking & becoming more assertive.

• Views on marriage also began to shift.

• Newfound freedom could be seen in style as well.

• Women wore bob haircuts, “short” dresses & skirts (aka flappers)

Chicago Race Riots

Intense riots between Black people & White people, with MASS casualties & destruction due to riots & street fights.

Chicago Race Riots: Potential Causes & Different Perspectives about who was to blame (3)

• Drowning of Innocent Black Man by White Strangers aggression. Immense confusion on what really happened.

• “Property Owners Association” bombing houses in the “Black Belt Neighborhood.” No perpetrator convicted of crime.

• Massive& biased job lay offs of only Black people as Veterans return from WWI.

Tulsa Massacre & What Causes It (3)

• Nation’s worst episode of racial violence.

• Caused by: Alleged Black boy scaring off white girl in elevator. He is arrested for assault.

• So, White mob shot, murdered & pillaged Black Wall Street while Black People protected the boy.

What Tulsa Massacre tells us about 1920s

Because White people censored the truth & even kept souvenirs of the racial violence act, this proves how prejudiced and superior White people felt towards Black People.

Temperance Movement (4)

• Reformers pushed for national ban against alcohol.

• Believed alcohol was main cause for all of society’s problems.

• 18th Amendment passes: Prohibits sale, manufacture & consumption of alcohol.

• Volstead Act: Created Prohibition Bureau in the Treasury Department to enforce amendment.

Temperance Movement Tactics (4)

1. Anti-Saloon Songs (seemed pretty religious)

2. Literature “The Saloon-Keeper’s Ledger” (Paints picture that drinking is reason behind sin & general discord in world).

3. Created Groups: Women’s Christian Temperance Union

4. Scientific Studies (highlighted side affects to body as possible child abuse due to improper alcohol consumption).

Temperance Movement: Important People

• Carrie Nation

• Women’s Christian Temperance Union & Anti Saloon League.

Temperance Movement: Was it successful? (2)

• No, by mid 1920s, only 19% of Americans supported Prohibition.

• 1933: The 18th Amendment was replaced by 21st Amendment that gave right to drink.

What types of people supported prohibiton? What were reasons behind their support?

Women & Religious Community believed alcohol was the root cause of all societal problems in the world.

Amendment prohibiting sale & consumption of alcohol

18th Amendment

Two effects of Prohibiton & why they occurred (2)

• Lawlessness increased: People used various illegal ways such as speakeasies, bootleggers & buying alcohol under guise of medicinal purposes as a way to undermine the amendment.

• Criminals found a new source of income: Criminals quickly found out that they could make money illegally dealing alcohol since general public disproved of the amendment. They used the public support to grow their organized crime empire.

Difference between Speakeasy & Bootlegger

• Speakeasies were hidden saloons

• Bootleggers were people who illegally smuggled in & sold alcohol.

Al Capone, why he is important & why he eventually went to jail (4)

• Notorious Chicago gangster who operated illegal breweries in Chicago & was responsible for 522 gang murders.

• He helped grow organized crime & rallied public support for undermining 18th amendment.

• Was a “hero” to the people.

• Eventually went to jail for tax evasion.

Case of Sacco & Vanzetti

Two Italian immigrants (anarchist beliefs) that were accused of committing robbery & murder.

Outcome of Sacco & Vanzetti. Why it was so controversial. (3)

• Found guilty of Robbery.

• Sentence was Death Penalty

• Was controversial because so much evidence protested their innocence, but they were anarchists.

Red Scare & why it occurred.

• Serious fear of communism & anarchism.

• Nationalism after WWI (pride in country & democratic system we have in place)

• Russian Revolution & Civil War: Soviet Union created in 1922 & was created to replace long standing monarchy.

Red Scare Effects (4)

• Labor Unions targeted bc many viewed their ideals to be aligned with socialists & communists.

• Suspected radicals & anarchists = detained.

• Growing anti-immigrant sentiments.

• People claim that threat of communists causes the Red Summer.

How Palmer Raids Relate to Red Scare (3)

• FBI arrests thousands of suspects & deports 500 though Innocent because Attorney General was bombed.

• Highlights mass hysteria & tension caused by Red Scare towards immigrants, communists, socialists & suspected radicals.

• Mostly arrested communists.

Teapot Dome Scandal

Politicians paid off by oil companies for gov owned land to extract oil & make business.

Issue Revolving around Scopes Trial (4)

• Despite schools being prohibited from teaching evolution in public schools, teacher teaches it.

• First trial to be broadcasted over American Radio.

• Americans both scientific & religious wanted their beliefs represented in their child’s education.

• Argument: Can human evolution be consistent with religious beliefs.

Intention of the Kellog-Briand Pact (2)

• Outlaw War & Settle disputes by peaceful means.

• Pushed isolationist views & idea that US=better off not interacting with other nations at war.

How spending changed during 1920s (3)

• YOLO mentality.

• People buy more materialistic & in vain.

• Buying on credit is introduced.

What ads tell us about 1920s (3)

• Targeted towards women by feeding into their insecurities & promoting unhealthy beauty standards.

• Creates problem to promote products.

• 1920s valued beauty over healthy body image. Beauty & vanity is important. Used “scientific research” that isn’t very trusting.

How LGBTQ+ Community was impacted in 1920s (4)

• Harlem & Greenwich village were home to several gay enclaves.

• Drag balls in Harlem attracted thousands of people of various races & social classes.

• LGBTQ+ nightlife & culture = highly visible & integrated in mainstream American life.

• Gay & lesbian characters featured in novels, songs & Broadway stages.

Great Migration

6 Million African Americans move from South to North, Midwest & West.

Great Migration’s Push factors (3)

1. Poor economic situation in South- farm failures & insect infestations made it difficult for many African Americans to prosper.

2. Jim Crow Laws& other de jure segregation that oppressed & discriminated against.

3. Violence toward Black Americans.

Great Migration’s Pull factors (2)

1. Newspapers promote industrial cities like Chicago, NY & Detroit as great cities to live in & work.

2. Chain Migration: When friends & families migrate, you go too. Encourages you especially if news “word of mouth” is positive.

How Harlem is an enclave

Community of artists together.

Defacto segregation

Segregation by NATURE

Dejure segregation

Segregation by LAW

Writers of the Harlem Renaissance (2)

• Langston Hughes

• Claude Mckay

Musicians of the Harlem Renaissance

1. Duke Ellington

2. Louis Armstrong

3. Bessie Smith

4. Paul Whiteman

Artists of the Harlem Renaissance (2)

1. Archibald Motley

2. Aaron Douglas

Some effects of Great Migration (4)

• Overpopulation

• More crime (also racial violence)

• Racial segregation

• Creation of enclaves

Marcus Garvey & why he was considered a controversial figure (2)

• Activist who believed Black people should leave America for Africa in order to separate & ISOLATE themselves from White people’s oppression (People didn’t like that).

• People believed that his movement would create more racial prejudice against society & disrupt society’s peace.