Global Sustainability and climate change Final

Renewable Recourse that is reliable and stable except during major drought

Hydroelectric

No till perennial crops and cover cropping are all examples of these traditional farming methods

Best Management Practices

Ethical Perspectives whether they benefit humans or not

Intrinsic Value

Without the atmospheric components the Earth’s atmosphere average temperature would be about -18 degrees celsius.

Green House Gases

This phenomenon occurs when warm water rises and cool water sinks

Convection

The full, social Environment and economic impacts of producing and consuming goods, cost that often aren’t reflected by market price

True Cost

The process occurs when human activity such as agricultural runoff or waste water discharge, accurate nutrient enrichment in lakes and rivers often leading to algae blooms

Eutrophication

Phenomenon occurs when repeated chemicals control causes a resistance in weeds or insects

Pesticide Resistance

Landfill diverting strategy transforms organic material like food scraps and yard waste into nutrient rich material that can be used as soil amendments

Compost

The connected stretches of habitat that help animals moe safely between fragmented landscapes supporting migration, breeding and genetic exchange

Corridor

Type of feedback occurs when warming from CO2 causes glacier melt which then amplifies warming

Positive Feedback

Energy Balance shift at Earth’s surface and lower troposphere caused by GHG’s and aerosol

Radiative Forcings

Liquid forms when water filters through decomposing waste often carrying harmful chemicals and requiring careful treatment to prevent water contamination

Leachate

When air parcels cool at approximately 9.8 degrees celsius per 1000 M when rising without condensation

Dry abiotic lapse rate (Oriophic effect)

This percentage represents Earth’s albedo

30%

Tactic used by interest groups that spreads misleading or false claims to confuse the public

Disinformation

Gases that make up. most of Earth’s atmosphere but do not contribute to the greenhouse gas effect

Nitrogen (N2) and Oxygen (O)

The effect causes air and water to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere

Coriolis Effect

This industry fueled by cheap production and the rise of synthetic fibers with significant environmental and social consequences

Fast Fashion

Acronym that summarizes the major driver in species loss. Explain each letter

H (Habitat Loss) I (Invasive species) P (Pollution) C (Climate Change) O (Overexploitation)

Contaminant found in groundwater extracted from aquifers bearing metal rich-pyrite , contributing to the largest mass poisoning in history

Arsenic

Term refers to fruits and vegetables most likely to carry higher pesticides residues often used to guide consumers

Dirty Dozen

Other term for fruits and vegetables least likely to carry higher pesticides

Clean 15

benefits people obtain directly from Ecosystems such as food, freshwater, fiber and fuel, represents the tangible materials nature provides for human use

Human Provisions

When air reaches its dew point and nuclei are available

Condensation

Largest terrestrial carbon sink components of this supplies nutrients

Soil

Earths Ecosystem that includes frozen components

Glacial Sphere

Major river for SOCAL supplies both agricultural and municipal

Colorado River

Carrier of Disease

vector

Alternative to fossil fuels, still a finite amount.

Nuclear Power

Positive Feedback loop

Systems response to the initial change further enhances the initial change

Negative Feedback Loop

Systems response to the initial change reduces or negates the initial change

3 spheres

Atmosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere

If Earth was a blackbody what temp would it be

5.12 degrees celsius

5 GHGS

Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Water Vapor, Nitrous Oxide, Ozone

Atmospheric Window

Where the energy is allowed to go through

CO2 Lifetime

300-1000 years

CO2 current PPM

426

CH4 Lifetime

12

CH4 current levels

1922PPB

H20 Lifetime

a few days

N2O Lifetime

121

O3 shim

Acts as a GHG at ground level

Latent Heat Flex

Energy used in phase change of water

Sensible Heat Fluxes

energy transformed from surface to atmosphere through conduction and motion of air molecules

Molar Mass of CO2

C (12) + O (16) + (O)16

Radiative Forcings

changes in the energy balance of lower troposphere and Earth’s surface that produces corresponding global temperature change

Carbon Sink

anytime inputs > outputs

Sources

anytime inputs < outputs

Physical Weathering

Force of water on rocks make it smaller and smaller

Chemical Weathering

When water attaches to rocks it can change their acidity

What drives upper ocean circulation

Wind

What drives deep ocean circulation

Density

ENSO

El nino Southern Oscillation

El Niño

sea surface temperature (SST) in the central-eastern equatorial Pacific is significantly warmer (cooler) than normal

Warm Currents cause

Tropical Storms

Minklovich cycle

The orbital scale of climate change

Eccentricity

100,000 year cycle

Obliquity

41,000 year cycle

Precession

26,000 year cycle

Fractionation of isotope

The natural process that alters the relative abundance of isotopes due to physical chemical or biological processes

Isotope

Same element different number of neutrons

Measurement of H and O stable isotopes

O18 / O16

Temperature control

Greater depletion of heavy water as air travels from tropical oceans to poles during colder periods

Proxies

Indirect measurement of climate conditions

Dendroclimatology

Dating past events using tree rings

Chronology

The sequential arrangements of events or time periods based on dating methods

Arsenic consumption for children

Lowered IQ, Higher Cancer Risks, Higher infant mortality, Skin Lesions, More skin spots

Economic and Social reasons for water security

Cost of filters preventing mitigation (Economics), Decreased home values lead to mitigation (Sociological Economics)

How many Californias rely on groundwater

43%

Single Species approach

Protect Species from pre-mature extinction

Ecosystem Approach

Protection of species in their natural habitat

Fixed Migratory Response

River that fish swim up get fucked by damns

Flagship Species

Things that people can recall or always thinks about

Narrow Distribution

in small pockets

Lacy Act

Prohibits the sale or purchase of illegally obtained wildlife

Marine Mammal Act

Protects all marine mammals