GENBIO 1 and 2: Cell Theory & Cell Organelles and Structure

Cell Theory Postulates:

1. Cells are the basic unit of life

2. All living organisms are made from cells

3. Cells come from pre-existing cells

Robert Hooke

Coined the term “cell”

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Discovered animalcules (bacteria and protists)

Matthias Schleiden

Plants are made from cells

Theodor Schwann

Animals are made from cells

Rudowlf Virchow

Cells come from pre-existing cells

Experiments that proved Cell Theory

1. Francesco Redi’s Experiment

2. Louis Pasteur’s Swan Neck experiment

3. Miller-Urey Experiment

• Maggots did not come from meat spontaneously

• Laid by flies

Francesco Redi’s Experiment

• Bacteria did not develop inside the first flask but present on the second flask

Louis Pasteur’s Swan Neck experiment

• Simulated the conditions of early Earth.

• Amino acids coming from organic compounds = same as those composing modern day cells

Miller-Urey Experiment

Cell Membrane

Semi Permeable membrane

Cell Wall

impermeable

Nucleus

Control center of the cell
Contains genetic material (DNA

Mitochondrion

Produces ATP

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis (contains chlorophyll)

Vacuole

Storage of nutrients and water

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Site of protein synthesis
Contains ribosomes

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Lipid synthesis

Golgi apparatus/body

Sorts proteins and lipids from ERs

Lysosomes

Digests and recycles cell wastes

Cytoskeleton

Cell structure and integrity

Ribosomes

Sites of protein synthesis

Can be found in the cytoplasm or on the RER

Plants Cell Wall Material

Cellulose

Fungi Cell Wall Material

Chitin

Bacteria Cell Wall Material

Peptidoglycan