BIO 150 Forensic Biology: Cellular Structure

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts and terminology related to cellular structure and function in forensic biology.

Cell

The smallest unit of life.

Microscope

An instrument used to observe small objects, such as cells.

Prokaryotic Cell

A simple, unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic Cell

A cell that contains a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles.

Plasma Membrane

The outer covering of a cell that separates its interior from the environment.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance within a cell, where cellular components are found.

Ribosomes

Particles that synthesize proteins in a cell.

Nucleus

An organelle that houses DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins.

Mitochondria

Organelles responsible for producing ATP through aerobic respiration.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis.

Endosymbiosis

A theory that explains the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells by engulfing them.

Flagella

Long, hair-like structures used for cellular locomotion.

Cilia

Short, hair-like structures that move substances along the outer surface of a cell.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.

Lysosomes

Organelles that digest macromolecules and recycle worn-out organelles.

Vacuoles

Membrane-bound sacs used for storage and transport within cells.

Cytoskeleton

A network of protein fibers that maintains the shape of the cell and facilitates movement.

Chromatin

A complex of DNA and proteins found within the nucleus.

Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer that provides structural support to plant cells.

Peptidoglycan

A polymer that makes up the cell wall in bacteria.

Plastids

Organelles involved in the synthesis and storage of food in cells, including chloroplasts.