ELA GACE Practice 2

Dark Romantics

group of late Romantic writers, associated with Romantic and Gothic movements (e.g., Edgar Allen Poe, Nathanial Hawthorne, Emily Dickinson, Herman Melville)

Transcendentalism

• occurred alongside the American Romantic Movement

• emphasis on emotion and how a person experience life through their senses

• through embracing one’s senses, an individual could transcend, or experience a state of being above physical humanity

• composed of several essays that discuss the value of the sense and emotions the process of transcendence

Colonial era in America was influenced by

immigration from England to what is now New England

American Romantic or “American Renaissance”

• characterizing American and British literature differently

• praised individualism, nationalism, and patriotism

• reiterated by transcendentalists about self-sufficiency and subjectivity

Modernismo movement

• large volume of poetry characterized by whimsical imagery & discussion of spiritual ideas

Vanguardia movement

• created to introduce diversity within Latin American literature

English developed overtime by the interactions between different groups. Who were they?

Romans, Celtics, and Germans (Anglo-Saxons left)

The group that further established the English language by using what is now called “Old English”

Anglo-Saxons

Characteristics of Old English

• relied on inflections to create meaning and placed little meaning on word order

• verbs and tenses differ from modern English grammar

• later replaced by Middle English

Characteristics of Middle English

• the integration of grammatical rules by the Norse people

• relied less on inflections than Old English and used more affixes and synonyms

Old English Evolution into Middle English

Early, Central, and Late Middle English

• Early: writing style Old English

• Central: development of dialects in written communication

• Late: foundation for Modern English

Naturalism

rejects the emotional focus and sentimentality of romanticism

How modernism differs from postmodernism

postmodernism grew out of modernism reliance on science and universal assertions, but emphasized the individual’s subjective perception of reality

Unrhymed iambic pentameter is also known as what

Blank verse

Notable postmodernist writers

Kurt Vonnegut, John Barth, and Thomas Pynchon