sexual reproduction in the flowering plant

pollination

the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

self pollination

pollen grains are transferred onto the stigma of the same flower

cross pollination

pollen grains are transferred onto the stigma of a flower on another plot of the same species ; cross pollination is carried out by insects and wind

endospermic seeds

food is stored in the endosperm eg maize wheat

non - endospermic seeds

food is stored in the cotyledons eg pea , broad bean

fruit

a mature ovary containing seed (s)

functions of fruit

to protect seeds / to disperse seeds away from the parent plant

importance of seed dispersal

to allow the plant to colonise new areas / to reduce / competition for space h20 light / to increase the chance of survival of the species

dormancy

germination will occur even if conditions are suitable

advantages of seed dormancy

to prevent germination at the wrong time of the year / to allow time for greater dispersal

germination

when the embryo of a seed begins to grow again

germination requires

water , oxygen , suitable temperature ,or seed absorbs h20 and 02 / enzymes digest food stored in the cotyledons or endosperm / nutrients are moved to the growing embryo