Paper 2 Section A London case study

What are 4 physical benefits of urban greening?

-more aesthetic
-less pollution, increase air quality (absorbs CO2, releases oxygen)
-mitigated climate change
-reduce flood risk

What are 3 human benefits of urban greening?

-increase level of happiness
-lower obesity (place to walk & exercise)
-attract tourisms business

What are 2 advantages of greenfield site

-easier & cheaper to build on as do not need to be demolished/ decontaminated
-more pleasant environment to live in, more desirable housing

What are 3 disadvantages of greenfield site

-increased urban sprawl , loss of habitat & biodiversity, loss of farmland
-new infrastructure has to be added
-increase congestion on surrounding roads & services

What are 3 advantages of brownfield site

-Reduces urban sprawl, reuses derelict land
-existing infrastructure & public transport already in place (fewer cars required, reduce air pollution)
-creates new employment opportunities, increase house prices, crime rates reduce
-sustainable

What are 3 disadvantages of brownfield site

-lower income group forced to move away (not able to afford increased house prices, limited land so more expensive)
-land may need to decontaminated/ demolished, expensive
-border other undesirable place

What are the problems of dereliction

-increase in unemployment, higher levels of social issues such as crime, drug abuse and family breakdown, and the out migration of skilled population.

Why commuter settlements are popular in the rural urban fringe

Commuter settlements is between a built-up atea and the countryside
-more appealing environment
-close enough to urban areas to still be accessible
-less crime

Explain the issues that urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe create

-increase pollution: more traffic on the roads as more people
-environmental issues: displace animals from their habitats
-overcrowding & strain on social services: local people
-extra cost to taxpayer: public help to pay for infrastructure to allow building developments

Advantages of Landfill

Easy, low cost

Disadvantages of Landfill

-demands keep growing
-unsightly , smelly emit ghg ( e.g. methane ) contribute to climate change

Advantages of Incineration

-Deal with huge volumes of waste
-Litter is burnt, doesn't use up much land space
-reuse ash

Disadvantages of Incineration

-Emissions produce green house gases, contribute to climate change
-affect human health, causing lung & heart diseases

Advantages of recycle

-reduce waste & resources extraction
-prevents pollution

Disadvantages of recycle

-not everything can be recycled
-expensive
-limited to how many times things can be recycled

Causes of Urban Air Pollution

-emissions fro, road vehicles
-modern heating system which burns gas
-factories,blowing chemical vapors and smoke out through vents and smokestacks

Impacts of urban air pollution

-affect health: CO2 enhanced global warming, poisonous gas cause damage to lungs

Explain why the Lower Lea Valley was in need of regeneration

Due to industrialisation, experienced decline & lands became derelict.
-employment was low at 56%
-earring lower wages than the London average
-36000 residents applying social housings
-high crime rates
-health is significantly worse

6 objections & obstacles that the Lower Lea Valley regeneration project faced

-planned 6 billion investment rose to 9.3 billion
-compulsory purchase from existing landowners, some protested
-industry had to be decontaminated before building could begin
-over 250 business relocated, 500 houses , 500trees, the largest church had to be demolished
-London council taxpayers gave to pay for 1 billion of costs to build Olympic Park
-construction will create noise, visual & air pollution, increased road traffic

Explain how the East Village provide sustainable urban living: Water Conversation

Collecting rainwater and recycling water for community services & to use it to flush toilets and water gardens

Explain how the East Village provide sustainable urban living: Energy Conversation

Using a combined heat and power system generates electricity using biomass.
The heat warms water that is then piped directly to heat people's homes.

Explain how the East Village provides sustainable urban living: Waste Recycling

-Reducing packaging and recycling materials , so that fewer of these end up as waste . -Using waste to create energy - e.g . biogas digesters convert organic food and garden waste into gas .

Explain how the East Village provides sustainable urban living: Creating Green Space

-mitigate climate change, absorbing carbon dioxide and emitting oxygen
-reduce flood risk