Eukaryotic Pathogens and Their Characteristics

Eukaryotic Pathogens

Organisms with complex cells causing diseases.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells with a nucleus and organelles.

Mitochondria

Energy-producing organelles in eukaryotic cells.

Endomembrane System

Network of membranes for cellular processes.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Site of protein synthesis with ribosomes.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Lysosomes

Organelles containing enzymes for digestion.

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies and packages proteins for transport.

Mitosis

Process of cell division in eukaryotes.

Prophase

First stage of mitosis, chromosomes condense.

Metaphase

Chromosomes align at the cell's equator.

Anaphase

Sister chromatids are pulled apart.

Telophase

Nuclear membranes reform around separated chromosomes.

Fungi

Eukaryotic organisms, often decomposers or pathogens.

Mycoses

Fungal infections in humans and animals.

Superficial Mycoses

Fungal infections affecting outer skin layers.

Candidiasis

Infection caused by Candida species.

Protozoa

Single-celled eukaryotic organisms, often pathogens.

Dinoflagellates

Marine protozoa causing red tides and toxins.

Apicomplexans

Parasites with specialized structures for host entry.

Malaria

Parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium spp.

Toxoplasmosis

Disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii.

Cryptosporidium parvum

Waterborne pathogen causing diarrhea in immunocompromised.

Giardia lamblia

Causes intestinal giardiasis, transmitted via feces.

Helminths

Multicellular parasitic worms affecting human health.

Nematodes

Roundworms with cylindrical bodies and digestive tubes.

Trematodes

Flatworms with branched digestive systems.

Cestodes

Tapeworms that absorb nutrients through skin.

Cyst Formation

Stable form of parasites in the environment.

Saprotrophic

Organisms that obtain nutrients by decomposing organic matter.