Innate Immunity

First line of defense may be described as

intact skin, mucous membranes, sebum, tears, and so forth.

Opsonization is

the coating of a pathogen by complement to facilitate phagocytosis.

Response to specific pathogens that can improve with subsequent exposure is

the third line of defense.

Which of the following statements regarding the surface of the skin is false?

It has goblet cells.

Which of the following is the best definition of "microbial antagonism"?

the presence of normal microbiota that protect the body by competing with pathogens in a variety of ways to prevent pathogens from invading the body

The first and second lines of defense against microbial invasion are part of

innate immunity.

Which of the following cells increase in number during an infection with parasitic worms?

eosinophils

Which cell becomes a macrophage when leaving the bloodstream?

monocyte

Which of the following cells is a component of the body's first line defense?

goblet cell

Cells of the second line of defense called ________ recognize and kill virus-infected cells.

NK cells

Which of the following is NOT an example of a walled-off site of infection that contains a fluid made of dead and dying tissue cells, leukocytes, and pathogens?

a tumor

What antibacterial chemical is present in tear fluid?

lysozyme

Which of the following contributes to protecting the eyes from microbial invasion?

tears contain lysozyme and salt and mechanically flush particles from the eyes.

The second line of defense against invading microbes includes

phagocytic white blood cells.

Mucous membranes are quite thin and fragile. How can such delicate tissue provide defense against microbial invaders?

the mucus physically traps microbes, contains a variety of antimicrobial chemicals, and is shed constantly, along with the outermost layer of cells.

Which of the following leukocytes are called "agranulocytes" because of the absence of granules in their cytoplasm revealed by basic or acidic dyes?

lymphocytes

The complement cascade and its by-products contribute to

both triggering inflammation and attracting phagocytes to sites of infection.

The leukocytes called natural killer lymphocytes

are nonspecific leukocytes that secrete toxins onto the surface of virus-infected cells.

Which of the following areas of the body have mucous membranes?

mouth, nasal cavity, and urinary system

How does aspirin act to decrease the symptoms of inflammation?

it acts as an antiprostaglandin.