identification markers on imaging etc

Identification markers on imaging

• Minimum of two markers is usually imprinted on every radiograph

  • Patient identification markers

    • Name, age, sex, case number, date, and institution

  • Anatomic side markers

• Radiopaque letters that identify the patient’s right or left side of the trunk, or right or left limb

Biological effects of x-irradiation are due to the recoiling electrons

• Electrons may damage DNA molecules directly or produce free radicals

• Can cause chemical damage to genetic material either effect may result in cell death or mutation

_______ and _______ do not utilize ionizing radiation, and there is no significant evidence that any biological damage results from these imaging modalities

Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonic imaging do not utilize ionizing radiation, and there is no significant evidence that any biological damage results from these imaging modalities

In pregnant patients, the fetus consists of rapidly dividing cells; hence, it is more sensitive to radiation, particularly in what trimester?

first trimester

What could happen if the fetus during first trimester underwent radiation?

• Cancer induction

• Malformation

• Mental retardation

During the first trimester, ____ is prominent

organ genesis

Which among US, CT scan, and MRI has the least radiation dose

US

Which among US, CT scan, and MRI has higher radiation dose

CT scan and MRI

Three major classifications of diagnostic radiographic imaging, based on the type of image receptor used to capture the x-ray image are:

→ Film/Screen radiography

→ Fluoroscopy imaging

→ Contrast studies Computed or digital imaging

A major classification of of diagnostic radiographic imaging:

• Refers to plain radiographs that are generated when x-ray film is exposed to ionizing radiation and developed by photochemical process.

• Has been considered the gold standard against which all new imaging technologies are measured

  • Due to good image quality, cost, reliability, and ease of use of film/ screen technology

  • Plain radiography relies on natural and physical contrast based on the density of material through which the x-ray radiation must pass

• Gold standard - considers the parameters, cost, quality, ease of use. Best option for a certain situation

• Note:

  • Xray - gold standard for fracture

  • RT-PCR - gold standard for Covid19

CONVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY/FILM/SCREEN RADIOGRAPHY

A major classification of of diagnostic radiographic imaging:

• Refers to plain radiographs that are generated when x-ray film is exposed to ionizing radiation and developed by photochemical process.

CONVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY/FILM/SCREEN RADIOGRAPHY

A major classification of of diagnostic radiographic imaging:

• Has been considered the gold standard against which all new imaging technologies are measured

  • Due to good image quality, cost, reliability, and ease of use of film/ screen technology

  • Plain radiography relies on natural and physical contrast based on the density of material through which the x-ray radiation must pass

CONVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY/FILM/SCREEN RADIOGRAPHY

What is the gold standard for fracture?

Xray

What is the gold standard for Covid19

RT-PCR

A major classification of of diagnostic radiographic imaging:

• Dynamic or continuous radiographic examination

• Provides real-time imaging of physiological function that allows for active diagnosis during the examination

• Radiologists is present and controls the examination during interventional and contrast study procedures

• Imaging process begins as the radiologists moves the carriage over the patient to the region to be examined

• X-rays are generated, the patient attenuated the x ray beam, and the image intensifier transforms the remnant x-ray beam into an electronic image displayed on a television monitor

FLUORSCOPY

A major classification of of diagnostic radiographic imaging:

A major classification of of diagnostic radiographic imaging:

• Dynamic or continuous radiographic examination

FLUORSCOPY

A major classification of of diagnostic radiographic imaging:

• Provides real-time imaging of physiological function that allows for active diagnosis during the examination

FLUORSCOPY

A major classification of of diagnostic radiographic imaging:

• Radiologists is present and controls the examination during interventional and contrast study procedures

FLUORSCOPY

A major classification of of diagnostic radiographic imaging:

• Imaging process begins as the radiologists moves the carriage over the patient to the region to be examined

FLUORSCOPY