Studied by 17 people
lesion
tissue destruction- is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue
brainstem
responsible for automatic survival functions; the oldest part and central core of the brain
medulla
the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
thalamus
the brain's sensory control center; relays messages between lower brain centers and cerebral cortex
reticular formation
a nerve network that plays an important role in controlling arousal
cerebellum
coordinates voluntary movement and balance and supports learning and memories of such
limbic system
neural system; associated with emotions and drives
amygdala
two neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion
hypothalamus
directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern endocrine system and is linked to emotion and reward
cerebral cortex
ultimate control and information-processing center
frontal lobes
portion of the cerebral cortex; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments
parietal lobes
portion of the cerebral cortex; receives sensory input for touch and body position
occipital lobes
portion of the cerebral cortex; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields
temporal lobes
portion of the cerebral cortex; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear
motor cortex
an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements
association areas
areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking
plasticity
the brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience
neurogenesis
the formation of new neurons
corpus callosum
the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
split brain
a condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) connecting them
sensory cortex
a section of the cerebral cortex which is responsible for receiving and interpreting sensory information from different parts of the body
wernicke's area
region of the brain that contains motor neurons involved in the comprehension of speech
broca's area
region associated with the production of speech and written language, as well as being linked with the processing and comprehension of language
acetylcholine (ACh)
enables muscle action, learning, memory (malfunctions: alzheimers)
dopamine
influences movement, learning, attention, emotion (malfunction: schizophrenia, parkinsons disease)
serotonin
affects mood, hunger, sleep, arousal (malfunction; depression)
norepinephrine
helps control alertness/arousal
GABA
major inhibitory neurotransmitter
glutamate
major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory
hippocampus
linked to conscious memory
left hemisphere
logical side of the brain (handles reading, writing, calculation)
right hemisphere
visual part of the brain; deals in images more than words
pituitary
master endocrine gland
pons
helps coordinate movement and control sleep
spinal cord
controls simple reflexes; pathway for neural fibers traveling to and from brain
Note
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