Basic Types of Networks – Part 1 (Vocabulary)

Vocabulary flashcards covering LANs, WANs, network topologies, and related standards from the lecture notes.

Computer network

Two or more computers connected to communicate data electronically; enables transfer of information across devices as a cohesive system.

OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)

A reference model by ISO for network architecture that standardizes communication functions into layers.

SNA (Systems Network Architecture)

IBM's network architecture for connecting computers and devices.

LAN (Local Area Network)

Network of computers/devices within a small geographic area (home, office, building) for sharing resources; can be wired or wireless; high speeds, low latency, and high security.

WAN (Wide Area Network)

Network that connects devices over wide geographic areas (cities, countries); often built by ISPs to link multiple LANs; low speeds, high latency, and low security.

Bus topology

LAN configuration where devices attach to a single main channel (the bus).

Ring topology

LAN configuration in which each computer connects to two neighbors to form a closed loop.

Star topology

LAN configuration where each computer is connected directly to a central computer (hub).

Ethernet

Dominant LAN technology since the mid-1970s; uses 48-bit addresses; CSMA/CD access; supports speeds from 2 Mbps to gigabit speeds.

CSMA/CD

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection; protocol that coordinates shared access to an Ethernet channel and resolves collisions by waiting a random time.

48-bit address

Unique hardware address assigned to each device on an Ethernet network.

Wi‑Fi

Wireless LAN standard using 2.4–5 GHz; data rates up to about 600 Mbps.

HomePlug

Power-line Ethernet standard that uses a building's electrical wiring for data transmission; first version ~8 Mbps, later versions up to ~1 Gbps.

WiMax

Wireless technology that bridges the gap between LANs and WANs, extending network reach.

ISP (Internet Service Provider)

Organization that provides Internet access and often connects multiple LANs to form or access a WAN.