The first national labor federation in the United States
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Knights of Labor
An American labor federation active in the late 19th century, especially the 1880s
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Terence V. Powderly
an American labor union leader, politician and attorney, best known as head of the Knights of Labor in the late 1880s
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Eugene V. Debs
An American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World, and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States
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Molly Maguires
An Irish 19th-century secret society active in Ireland, Liverpool and parts of the Eastern United States, best known for their activism among Irish-American and Irish immigrant coal miners in Pennsylvania
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Pinkerton Detectives
Originally specialized in railway theft cases, protecting trains and apprehending train robbers
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National Railroad Strike
Began on July 14 in Martinsburg, West Virginia, after the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad cut wages for the third time in a year
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Haymarket Square Riot
The aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Samuel Gompers
Founded the American Federation of Labor and served as the organization's president from 1886 to 1894
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American Federation of Labor
A federation of North American labor unions that merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1955
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Closed vs. Open Shop
An open shop is a place of employment at which one is not required to join or financially support a union (closed shop) as a condition of hiring or continued employment
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Homestead Strike
An industrial lockout and strike which began on July 1, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892
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Pullman Strike
Widespread railroad strike and boycott that severely disrupted rail traffic in the Midwest of the United States in June–July 1894
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Jacob Coxey
In protest of the federal government's failure to assist the American populace during an economic downturn, he formed a protest march that became known as "Coxey's Army"
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Patrons of Husbandry (Grange)
Founded in 1867 to advance methods of agriculture, as well as to promote the social and economic needs of farmers in the United States
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Populist Party
A left-wing agrarian populist late-19th-century political party in the United States
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Mary Lease
An advocate of the suffrage movement as well as temperance but she was best known for her work with the People's Party
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William Jennings Bryan
Emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party, running three times as the party's nominee for President of the United States in the 1896, 1900, and the 1908 elections
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William McKinley
The 25th president of the United States, serving from 1897 until his assassination in 1901
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Election of 1896
Former Governor William McKinley, the Republican candidate, defeated former Representative William Jennings Bryan, the Democratic candidate
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