urmommm

adenoid/o

adenoid. Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsil

alveol/o

alveolus/alveoli. Air sac in the lung

bronch/o, bronchi/o

bronchial tube, bronchus

bronchiol/o

bronchiole; smallest branches of the bronchi or bronchial tubes

capn/o

carbon dioxide

ex: hypercapnia - high CO2

coni/o

dust (ex: pneumoconiosis: abnormal condition of dust in the lungs) Can be caused by black lung from working in coal mines

cyan/o

blue

Example: cyanosis - not enough oxygen in the blood

epliglott/o

epiglottis - a small cartilage "lid" that covers your windpipe

laryng/o

larynx (voice box)

lob/o

lobe of the lung (lobectomy - is removal of lobe))

mediastin/o

mediastinum (space between the lungs)

nas/o

nose (example - paranasal (para means near) the nose)

orth/o

straight, upright. (example - orthopnea - a shortness of breath that affects a person when they are lying down but subsides in other positions, such as standing or sitting up.

ox/o

oxygen (example - hypoxia leads to cyanosis with decreased oxygen in the blood)

pector/o

chest (ex. expectoration - clearing of secretions by coughing or spitting)

pharyng/o

pharynx (throat)

phon/o

voice (ex. dysphonia - hoarseness or other voice impairment)

phren/o

diaphragm (ex. phrenic nerve - the motor nerve to the diaphragm)

pleur/o

pleura (ex. pleurodynia (dynia means pain) Inflammation of intercostal muscles

pneum/o, pneumon/o

air, lung (ex. pneumothorax - hole in the lung allowing air in the pleural cavity)

pulmon/o

lung

ex. pulmonary (pertaining to the lungs)

rhin/o

nose, pertaining to the nose

(ex. rhinoplasty - surgery to change the shape of the nose)

sinus/o

sinus cavity

(ex. sinusitis - sinus inflammation)

spir/o

breathing

(ex. incentive spirometer - to measure how deeply you inhale - breath in)

tel/o

complete

(ex. atelectasis - collapsed lung - Complete or partial collapse of a lung or a section (lobe) of a lung

thorac/o

chest

(ex. thoracotomy - surgery to open the chest)

tonsill/o

tonsils

(ex. tonsillectomy - surgical removal of tonsils)

trache/o

trachea, "windpipe"

Ex. Tracheotomy, tracheostomy (Tracheostomy (tray-key-OS-tuh-me) is a hole that surgeons make through the front of the neck and into the windpipe (trachea). A tracheostomy tube is placed into the hole to keep it open for breathing.

ema

condition (example - empyema (em means in) empyema/pyothorax is a collection of pus in the pleural cavity

-osmia

smell (example - anosmia - loss of smell can be caused by smoking, nasal obstruction, medications or mucus)

-pnea

breathing

(example - apnea - without breathing. Sleep apnea is a sudden cessation of breathing during sleep. CPAP helps to provide continuous positive airway pressure to keep airways open).

ptysis

spitting

(example - hemoptysis - blood coughed up from bronchial tubes & lungs which might occur with bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, cancer, pulmonary embolism

sphyxia

pulse

(example - asphyxia - lack of pulse which can lead to hypoxia to hypoxemia to hypercapnia to loss of consciousness & death.)

thorax

pleural cavity, chest

(example - pyothorax - empyema (collection of pus) of the chest

Bronchi

tubes that bifurcate from the windpipe

hilum of the lung

midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs

apex of the lung

uppermost portion of the lung

base of the lung

lower portion of the lung

mediastinum

space between the lungs

removal of the voice box

laryngectomy

Condition of decreased oxygen in the blood

hypoxemia

orthopnea

ability to breathe only in an upright position

percussion

tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

croup

an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough called stridor

Dyspnea

difficulty breathing

collapsed lung

atelectasis

expectoration

coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs

hemoptysis

spitting up blood

endotracheal intubation

placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway

COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis (commonly seen in smokers)

PPD skin test

A tuberculin test; test performed on individuals to test for exposure to tuberculosis

How many lobes does the right lung have?

3 lobes

How many lobes does the left lung have?

2 lobes

rhinoplasty

surgical repair of the nose

Visual examination of the larynx

laryngoscopy

visceral pleura

inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue

parietal pleura

outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall

nasopharynx

region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate

oropharynx

the area directly posterior to the mouth

Epiglottis

A flap of tissue that seals off the larynx and prevents food from entering.

Trachea

a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe.

Diaphragm

Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing

Alveoli

tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood (oxygen & carbon dioxide)

Auscultation

listening to sounds within body using a stethoscope

pleural rub

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

wheezes

continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing (asthma or emphysema

stridor

strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

sputum

material expelled from the lungs by coughing

Decongestants

eliminate or reduce swelling or congestion

bronchodilator

a medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs (treatment with asthma)

antitussive

medication administered to prevent or relieve coughing

antibiotic

chemical that kills bacteria

expectorant

a drug that breaks up mucus and promotes coughing up the mucus

palliative care

Care designed not to treat an illness but to provide physical and emotional comfort to the patient and support and guidance to his or her family.

asbestosis

caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually occurs after working with asbestos

Bacilli

Rod shaped bacteria

infiltrate

collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic image

paroxysmal

beginning suddenly or abruptly

purulent

containing pus

PFT

pulmonary function test

URI

upper respiratory infection