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PHP
Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)
PHP files
Files that can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code and are executed on the server, with the result returned as plain HTML to the browser.
PHP syntax
The rules and structure of writing PHP code, including statements ending with a semi-colon, the use of the echo command for output, and the use of quotes for string values.
Variables
Named containers for storing data, with rules for naming conventions, case sensitivity, and the ability to specify a variable type.
Operators
Symbols used to perform operations on variables and values, including comparison operators, logical operators, and string operators.
Conditionals
Control structures used to make decisions in PHP code, including if, if-else, if-elseif, and switch statements.
Loops
Control structures used to repeat a block of code until a certain condition is met, including while, do-while, and for loops.
Functions
Blocks of reusable code that perform a specific task, defined using the function keyword followed by the function name and parentheses.
Variable Scope
The accessibility and lifespan of variables, including local variables created within a function, global variables accessed outside a function, and static variables that maintain their values between function calls.
Arrays
Data structures that store multiple values in a single variable, including indexed arrays, associative arrays, and multi-dimensional arrays.
foreach loop
A special loop used to process arrays in PHP, iterating over each element in the array.
Array Operators
Operators used to perform operations on arrays, including union, equality, identity, inequality, and non-identity operators.
SuperGlobals
Predefined variables in PHP that are always accessible, such as $GLOBALS, $_POST, and $_GET.
Forms and PHP
The use of action and method attributes in HTML forms to indicate the PHP file to be executed when the form is submitted and how the data is sent.
POST vs GET
The differences between the POST and GET methods for sending form data, including visibility, length limitations, and security considerations.
Security Consideration
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS):A type of attack where malicious scripts are injected into trusted websites, and measures to prevent XSS attacks, such as escaping input values using the htmlspecialchars() function.
PHP Date and Time
The use of the date() function to format dates and times in PHP, with various format options and the ability to include characters in the format.
Include and Require Statements
Statements used to insert the contents of a PHP file into another PHP file before the server executes it, with the difference between include and require in terms of error handling.