php exam2

PHP

Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)

PHP files

Files that can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code and are executed on the server, with the result returned as plain HTML to the browser.

PHP syntax

The rules and structure of writing PHP code, including statements ending with a semi-colon, the use of the echo command for output, and the use of quotes for string values.

Variables

Named containers for storing data, with rules for naming conventions, case sensitivity, and the ability to specify a variable type.

Operators

Symbols used to perform operations on variables and values, including comparison operators, logical operators, and string operators.

Conditionals

Control structures used to make decisions in PHP code, including if, if-else, if-elseif, and switch statements.

Loops

Control structures used to repeat a block of code until a certain condition is met, including while, do-while, and for loops.

Functions

Blocks of reusable code that perform a specific task, defined using the function keyword followed by the function name and parentheses.

Variable Scope

The accessibility and lifespan of variables, including local variables created within a function, global variables accessed outside a function, and static variables that maintain their values between function calls.

Arrays

Data structures that store multiple values in a single variable, including indexed arrays, associative arrays, and multi-dimensional arrays.

foreach loop

A special loop used to process arrays in PHP, iterating over each element in the array.

Array Operators

Operators used to perform operations on arrays, including union, equality, identity, inequality, and non-identity operators.

SuperGlobals

Predefined variables in PHP that are always accessible, such as $GLOBALS, $_POST, and $_GET.

Forms and PHP

The use of action and method attributes in HTML forms to indicate the PHP file to be executed when the form is submitted and how the data is sent.

POST vs GET

The differences between the POST and GET methods for sending form data, including visibility, length limitations, and security considerations.

Security Consideration

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS):A type of attack where malicious scripts are injected into trusted websites, and measures to prevent XSS attacks, such as escaping input values using the htmlspecialchars() function.

PHP Date and Time

The use of the date() function to format dates and times in PHP, with various format options and the ability to include characters in the format.

Include and Require Statements

Statements used to insert the contents of a PHP file into another PHP file before the server executes it, with the difference between include and require in terms of error handling.