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why and how is carbon dioxide transported?
Respiring tissues produce CO2 that needs to be transported to the lungs so it can be exhaled.
carbonic acid
1) CO2 + H2O ←→ H2CO3
catalysed by carbonic anhydrase
reversible so can form and release CO2.
Carbonic acid
Dissociates
H2CO3 ←→ Hydrogencarbonate ions + H+
Chloride shift
whne HCO3- diffuses out, as its a negative ion it causes a charge imbalance so Cl- diffuse in to maintain charge.
Hydrogen ions
H+ could cause pH to fall so Haemoglobin acts as a buffer and reacts to form haemoglobonic acid
Hb + H+ —> Hhb
Bohr effect
As partial pressure of CO2 increases, affinity of Oxygen decreases.
As partial pressure of CO2 decreases, affinity of oxygen increases.