Russian History

Flashcards reviewing significant events, leaders, and timelines from Russian history, ideal for exam preparation.

What time period did Kyivan Rus rule over Eastern Europe?

882-1240

Which dynasty ruled the Russian Empire from 1613 to 1917?

The Romanov Dynasty.

What significant change occurred in Kievan Rus in 988?

The official adoption of Christianity.

Who is considered the first female ruler of Kievan Rus?

Olga

When was the Mongol invasion

1240

Which political institution advised the prince in Kievan Rus?

Duma

When was the Russian Federation established?

In 1991.

What were the three classes of Kievan Rus society?

Princes, boyars, and merchants.

Who conducted the first compilation of law code in Kievan Rus?

Yaroslav the Wise.

What was the main consequence of the church split for Kievan Rus?

It put Kievan Rus at odds with its western neighbors.

What was the consequence of the Mongol rule on Kievan Rus's political structure?

Kievan Rus experienced fragmentation; only some princes recognized the authority of the grand prince.

Who was the ruler that officially ends tribute payments to the Mongols?

Ivan III, also known as Ivan the Great.

What significant policy did Peter the Great implement regarding Russian customs?

He modernized customs, including requiring Western-style attire, and emphasized state control.

What was a major impact of the Golden Horde's rule over Russia from 1240 to 1480?

Russia developed new military and administrative policies under Mongol influence.

What event marked the decline of Kievan Rus after 1050?

A period of internal dissent and external attacks leading to its crisis and weakening.

What did Catherine the Great's reign contribute to Russian society?

A period of expansion, modernization, and cultural development.

What rebellion was led by Emelian Pugachev against Catherine the Great's rule?

The Pugachev Rebellion.

What was the primary reason for the emancipation of serfs in 1861?

The need for social and economic reform after the Crimean War

What was the outcome of the October Revolution in 1917?

The Bolsheviks seized power from the Provisional Government.

What major conflict did Russia face in 1904-1905?

The Russo-Japanese War.

What was the primary focus of the Provisional Government established in 1917?

Restoring order and issuing liberal reforms, while continuing Russia's involvement in World War I.

When did the 1905 Revolution occur?

The 1905 Revolution took place in Russia after the defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, leading to social unrest and demands for political reform.

What were the main causes of the 1905 Revolution?

The main causes of the 1905 Revolution included dissatisfaction with autocracy, economic hardship, and the desire for political rights.

What was the outcome of the 1905 Revolution?

The outcome of the 1905 Revolution included the establishment of the Duma (parliament) and some limited reforms, though Tsarist autocracy remained largely intact.

Who were the main leaders of the October Revolution?

Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky

What date is associated with the October Revolution?

The October Revolution is associated with October 25, 1917 (Julian calendar), which is November 7, 1917, in the Gregorian calendar.

What was the significance of the October Revolution?

The significance of the October Revolution lies in its role in establishing the first communist government in the world and inspiring socialist movements globally.

Who was Vladimir Lenin?

Russian revolutionary leader and the founder of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, serving as its first head of government.

Who was Nicholas II?

Nicholas II was the last Emperor of Russia, reigning from 1894 until his abdication in 1917 during the Russian Revolution.

What was Nicholas II's approach to ruling?

Nicholas II upheld autocratic rule and resisted attempts at political reform, which contributed to widespread discontent among the population.

What major event led to Nicholas II's abdication?

Nicholas II abdicated during the February Revolution of 1917, partly due to military failures in World War I and economic turmoil at home.

What was the February Revolution?

The February Revolution was a key uprising in 1917 that led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the end of the Russian Empire, resulting in the establishment of a Provisional Government.

What was the Decembrist Revolt?

The Decembrist Revolt was a failed uprising that took place on December 14, 1825, when a group of Russian army officers attempted to instigate a change in government and promote constitutional reform after the death of Tsar Alexander I.

What was the Polish Rebellion?

The Polish Rebellion refers to a series of uprisings against foreign rule in Poland, with the most notable being the November Uprising of 1830 and the January Uprising of 1863, both aimed at achieving Polish independence from Russian control.

What were the Great Reforms?

The Great Reforms were a series of significant changes implemented in Russia during the 1860s under Tsar Alexander II, aimed at modernizing the country and addressing social, economic, and political issues.

What is the significance of the Emancipation Reform of 1861?

The Emancipation Reform of 1861 abolished serfdom in Russia

What other reforms were part of the Great Reforms?

judicial reforms, military reforms, and educational reforms

How did the Great Reforms affect Russian society?

created a new class of landowners, increased education and access to legal rights, but also led to discontent due to slow implementation and opposition from traditionalists and radicals.

What was a major outcome of the Great Reforms?

A significant outcome was the rise of political awareness and activism among the newly freed serfs and the intelligentsia, setting the stage for future revolutionary movements in Russia.