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Ad Populum (bandwagon appeal) Fallacy
The assumption that the opinion of the majority is always valid
allusion
An implied or indirect reference to a person, event, or thing or to a part of another text
analogy
Comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification
anaphora
Repeating a sequence of words at the beginnings of neighboring clauses, thereby lending them emphasis
antithesis
A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else
archetype
A primordial image, character, or pattern of circumstances that recurs throughout literature and thought consistently enough to be considered a universal concept or situation.
atmosphere
The way an author uses setting, objects, or internal thoughts of characters to create emotion, mood, or experiences for the reader.
Bildungsroman
A novel dealing with one person's formative years or spiritual education
catharsis
The process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions
chiasmus
When the same words are used twice in succession, but the second time, the order of the words is reversed
colloquialism
a word or phrase that is not formal or literary, typically one used in ordinary or familiar conversation
conceit
Type of figurative language in which the writer establishes a comparison between two very different concepts or objects
connotation
An implied meaning that's associated with a word in addition to its literal meaning
denotation
The literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests
diction
The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing
euphemism
A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing
foil
Character who contrasts with another character
hubris
Excessive pride or self-confidence
hyperbole
Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally
idiom
Phrase that means something other than its literal meaning
irony
Contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant
jargon
The diction used by a group which practices a similar profession or activity. Lawyer speak using particular jargon, as do soccer players
juxtaposition
Placing things side by side for the purposes of comparison
metonymy
Replacing an actual word or idea, with a related word or concept
mood
Atmosphere created by the literature and accomplished through word choice
parable
a story that compares two thing
paradox
A seemingly contradictory situation which is actually true
parallelism
Grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity
polysyndeton
When a writer creates a list of items which are all separated by conjunctions
Post hoc ergo propter hoc Fallacy
Assuming that one thing caused another merely because the first thing preceded the other
pun
When a word that has two or more meanings is used in a humorous way
Red Herring Fallacy
Diverting attention from the real issue by focusing instead on an issue having only a surface relevance to the first
Slippery Slope Fallacy
Occur when a person asserts that a relatively small step will lead to a chain of events that result in a drastic change
Straw Man Fallacy
The distortion of someone else's argument to make it easier to attack or refute
symbol
Generally, anything that represents itself and stands for something else
synecdoche
A kind of metonymy when a whole is represented by naming one of its parts, or vice versa.
synesthesia
A description involving a “crossing of the senses.”
syntax
Grammatical arrangement of words
tone
A writer's attitude toward his subject matter is revealed through diction, figurative language and organization
understatement
The ironic minimalizing of fact, understatement presents something as less significant than it is
zeugma
A figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses
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