[10.17] Mood Disorders V2.pdf

Mood

What is a pervasive and sustained feeling tone experienced internally?

Behavior and thinking

What two things does a patient's mood influence?

Subjective

Is mood considered a subjective or objective experience?

Robin Williams

Which famous person with a mood disorder also had Lewy Body Dementia?

Carrie Fisher

Which actress is specifically confirmed in the sources as having Bipolar Disorder?

Axl Rose and Demi Lovato

Name two other celebrities identified in the source as having Bipolar Disorder.

Winona Ryder and Uma Thurman

Which two actresses are mentioned as having depression?

Edgar Allan Poe and Vincent van Gogh

Which two figures are speculated to have had either MDD or Bipolar Disorder?

Gwyneth Paltrow

Which celebrity is noted for having Postpartum Depression?

Winston Churchill

Which historical leader is mentioned as having Major Depressive Disorder?

Leo Tolstoy

Which famous author is listed as having Major Depressive Disorder?

Weeks to months

How long do manifestations of mood disorders typically last?

2 weeks

What is the minimum duration required for a Major Depressive Episode?

Disrupts daily functioning

When is a condition specifically classified as a "disorder"?

Unipolar Depression

What was Major Depressive Disorder previously known as?

Manic Depressive Illness

What is Bipolar I Disorder also known as?

Florid

What word describes the manic episode in Bipolar I Disorder?

Hypomanic

What type of manic episodes characterize Bipolar II Disorder?

Irritability

Among various symptoms, which one is specifically present in Bipolar II hypomania?

Prominent

In Bipolar II Disorder, how is the depressive episode described?

Cyclothymia

What is the milder form of Bipolar I Disorder called?

Dysthymia

What is the previous name for Persistent Depressive Disorder?

2 years

What is the minimum duration of low mood required for a diagnosis of Dysthymia?

Bipolar I

In which disorder is the manic episode florid?

Bipolar II

In which disorder is the depressive episode florid?

Worthless and excessively guilty

How do patients with depression often feel about their actions?

Anhedonia

What is the term for the loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed?

Insomnia

What is the term for having trouble sleeping?

Hypersomnia

What is the term for sleeping too much?

Psychomotor agitation or retardation

What motor changes are seen in depression that others might notice?

Recurrent thoughts of death

Besides ideation and attempts, what is a primary death-related criteria for MDD?

Suicidal Ideation

What term describes thoughts of being better off dead without a specific plan?

Suicidal Intent

What is the active process and intent of killing oneself?

Interferes with relationships

What is a characteristic of depression where a patient gets easily angry at a spouse?

Grief

What normal reaction to the death of a loved one is distinct from depression?

DEPRESSED

What is the mnemonic used for the criteria of depression?

Energy

In the DEPRESSED mnemonic, what does the first E stand for?

Eating

In the DEPRESSED mnemonic, what does the second E stand for?

Memory

In the DEPRESSED mnemonic, what does the M stand for?

10 percent

What percentage of the world population will have depression at some point?

Women

Which gender appears more prone to depression?

Divorced, separated, or single

Which marital statuses are associated with more common depression?

No correlation

What is the correlation between socioeconomic status and major depression?

Alcoholism

What condition is commonly found in the family history of depressed individuals?

25 percent

What percentage of depressed people have a first-degree relative with depression?

12 percent

What is the average lifetime prevalence of a Major Depressive Episode?

5 percent

What is the average lifetime prevalence of Dysthymia?

Dr. Melissa De Guzman

Who conducted the recent study on MNS disorders in the Philippines?

1 in 7

How many Filipino adults developed at least one mental health problem in their lifetime?

1 in 10

How many Filipino adults developed at least one mental health problem in the last 12 months?

1.52 percent

What is the weighted frequency of current Major Depressive Disorder in PH adults?

1.60 percent

What is the weighted frequency of current Major Depressive Episode in PH adults?

0.23 percent

What is the prevalence of Bipolar I in the Philippine adult population?

0.20 percent

What is the prevalence of Bipolar II in the Philippine adult population?

5.94 percent

What is the weighted frequency of Panic Attacks in the PH adult study?

7.85 percent

What is the frequency of Suicidal Ideation and self-harm in PH adults?

1 in 5

How many Filipino children and adolescents developed a mental health problem in the last 12 months?

4.49 percent

What is the prevalence of MDD in the Philippine child and adolescent population?

4.65 percent

What is the prevalence of Separation Anxiety Disorder in PH children?

3.16 percent

What is the prevalence of Conduct Disorder in PH children?

Biopsychosocial Factors

What are the interacting factors of biological, social, and psychological called?

Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Dopamine

What three neurotransmitters are decreased in depression?

Norepinephrine

Which neurotransmitter is associated with energy, interest, and motivation?

Dopamine

Which neurotransmitter is associated with drive, sex, and appetite?

Serotonin

Which neurotransmitter is associated with impulse and mood stability?

Biogenic Amine Hypothesis

Which hypothesis describes depression as a neurotransmitter deficiency?

Intercellular

What is the term for the space between two neurons?

Neurotransmitter deficiency

What causes the disruption of communication between nerve cells in depression?

40 to 71 percent

What is the concordance rate for depression in monozygotic twins?

3 to 13 percent

What is the concordance rate for depression in dizygotic twins?

Loss of deep sleep

What specific change in sleep architecture occurs in depression?

Limbic System

Which brain area is associated with emotions in mood disorder pathology?

Basal Ganglia

Which brain area is associated with stooped posture and slow cognitive impairment?

Hypothalamus

Which brain area is associated with changes in sleep and appetite?

Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Stroke

Name three neurological causes of depression.

Hypothyroidism

Which endocrine condition can make a person feel slow and sad like depression?

Postpartum Depression

What occurs when hormones are in disarray after giving birth?

Vitamin B and C

Deficiencies in which two vitamins can cause depression?

Pharmacological

Antihypertensives and steroids fall under which cause of depression?

Anger turned inwards

According to psychological theory, what manifests as depression?

Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

Which two personality types are at high risk for depression?

Antisocial and Paranoid

Which two personality types are at low risk for depression?

Project their anger

Instead of turning anger inward, what do paranoid personalities do?

Transitions

Moving from med school to residency is an example of what kind of trigger?

Mid-life crisis

During which transition does one look for purpose and ask "What am I now?"

Loss of a parent before age 11

Which specific childhood loss is a trigger for depression?

Helplessness

What sense makes a depressed person give up or appear withdrawn?

Self, future, and world

According to cognitive theory, what three things does an individual view negatively?

Achievers

How were the brothers of the 27-year-old female patient described by her parents?

Black sheep

How did the 27-year-old female patient regard herself?

Before age 40

What is the usual onset age for depression?

6 to 13 months

How long does an untreated depressive episode usually last?

3 months

How long does a treated depressive episode typically last?

50 percent

What is the chance of recovering from depression in the first year with treatment?

Relapse

What occurs if antidepressant medication is stopped prematurely in the first 6 months?

Solid friendships and stable family

Name two social indicators of a good prognosis for depression.

Advanced age of onset

Is early or advanced age of onset a better prognostic indicator for depression?

Non-addicting

Are the antidepressants mentioned in the source addictive or non-addicting?

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

What does the acronym SSRI stand for?

Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Paroxetine, Fluvoxamine, and Escitalopram

Name five SSRIs listed in the management section.