Muscular System Intro

skeletal muscle, smooth and cardiac muscles

bulk of the muscle in the body. Other types…

Endomysium

the connective tissue between individual muscle fibers

Perimysium

sheath surrounding bundles of muscle fibers

Epimysium

the connective tissue around an entire muscle. It is the deep fascia of the muscle

origin

the less movable; in the limbs, it is the more proximal attachment

Insertion

the more movable; in the limbs, it is the more distal attachment

Belly

thick fleshy central part of the muscle tissue

Fleshy attachment

the apparent direct attachment of muscles to bone

Tendinous attachment

the dense connective tissue connecting the spindle shape or pennate muscle to bone

Aponeurotic attachment

the flat, tendinous sheet associated with flat muscles such as those of the abdominal wall

Intrinsic muscle

lie completely within one region of the body where they have their origin and insertion. They act on the bones in that part only.

Extrinsic muscle

from one region of the body to another and alter the position of the whole part

Abductor

Muscle that moves a part away from the midline

Adductor

Muscle that moves a part toward the midline

Flexor

Muscle that bends a limb at its joint or decreases the joint angle

Extensor

Muscle that straightens a limb or increases the joint angle

Levator

Muscle that raises or elevates a part

Depressor

Muscle that lowers of depresses a part

Rotator

Muscle that turns a body part on its axis

Supinator

Muscle that rotates the palmar or plantar surface upward

Pronator

Muscle that rotates the palmar or plantar surface downward

abductor, adductor, flexor, extensor, levator, depressor, rotator, supinator, pronator

what are the muscle names based on the range of action?

pectoral, epaxial, intercostal, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, inferior, superior, medius, externus, internus, orbicularis

muscle name based on location

Pectoral

Located on the chest

Epaxial

Located above the pelvic axis

Intercostal

Located between rib

Infraspinatus

Located beneath the spine of the scapula

Supraspinatus

Located above the spine of the scapula

Inferior

Below or deep

Superior

Above

Medius

Middle

Externus

Outside

Internus

Inside

Orbicularis

Surrounding another structure

Rectus

Straight; align with the vertical axis of the body

Oblique

Slanted; slant outward from the midline

Transverse

Crosswise

Sphincter

Tight band; ring-like and constrict the opening of passages

rectus, oblique, transverse, sphincter

Muscles name based on direction

biceps, triceps, quadriceps, azygous

muscle name based on number of parts

Biceps

Generally have two divisions (heads)

Triceps

Generally have three divisions (heads)

Quadriceps

Generally have four divisions (heads)

Azygous

Not paired or income

Minimus or minor

Small

Minimus or minor, Maximus, major or vastus, Latissimus, Longissimus or gracilis

muscle name based on size

Maximus, major or vastus

Large

Latissimus

Broad

Longissimus or gracilis

Narrow

Deltoid, Quadratus, rhomboideus, scaleneus, serratus, teres

Muscle name based on shape

deltoid

Looks like Greek letter delta

Quadratus

Muscles that are square or four-sided

Rhomboideus

Muscles are diamond-shaped

Scaleneus

Muscles are unequally three-sided

Serratus

Muscles are saw-toothed

Teres

Muscles are cylindrical

sartorius, gemellus, gastrocnemius

muscle names without rules

Sartorius

Named because it flexes and adducts the leg of a human to that position assumed by a tailor sitting cross-legged at work

Gemellus

Twinned muscle

Gastrocnemius

Resembles shape of a stomach