psych unit 3 disorders

neurotic and psychotic disorders

neurotic disorder

mental illness characterized by abnormal thoughts, emotions and/or behaviour that **pose challenges** to daily living but do **NOT** prevent the individual from coping with daily life and functioning

psychotic disorder

severe mental disorders in which a person experiences a **break from reality** and is **unable** to lead a normal life and cope socially, emotionally, academically, or in daily living **without** treatment.

phobias

anxiety about a certain object, activity, or situation

neurotic because they may cause high levels of anxiety and tension but do not interfere with daily living

phobia symptoms

elevated heart rate, sweaty palms, feelings of anxiousness or fear

phobia treatment

exposure/ shock therapy - gradually confronting the fear

relaxation techniques - deep breathing or meditation

counter conditioning - creating a new response to fear

panic attacks

sudden episodes of intense fear

symptoms of panic attacks

high levels of stress and fear, heart palpitations, shaking shortness of breath, numbness, may black out, suffer heart trauma

treatment of panic attacks

cognitive therapy - identifies triggers, helps patient learn to cope

behaviour therapy - facing your fear to debunk it

bio-medical - drugs and medications, an be addictive, temporary fix

PTSD

a type of anxiety disorder whereby a person relives a traumatic event through recurrent episodes

symptoms of PTSD

general symptoms; severe anxiety, difficulty breathing or focusing, blurred vision

specific symptoms; intrusive memories, avoidance, negative changes in thinking and mood, changes in physical and emotional reaction

treatment for PTSD

cognitive behavioural or processing therapy

exposure therapy - imagine the event in detail, repeat until stress is reduced

virtual therapy - new treatment, enter a 3d simulation of the event while talking with a psychiatrist

obsessive compulsive disorder

a neurotic mental health disorder characterized by a repeated cycle of obsessions and compulsions

obsessions

unwanted, intrusive thoughts, images, impulses, and/or urges that trigger intensely distressing feelings

compulsions

uncontrollable behaviours an individual engages in to calm and dispel the obsession

treatment for OCD

more difficult to treat

biomedical - prescription meds to activate serotonin

cognitive behavioural therapy

expose patient to triggers to reduce their compulsions

manic depression

psychoses, a mood disorder characterized by two polarizing dispositions; extreme highs the manic episode, extreme lows the depression episode

bipolar 1

at least one manic episode and sometimes a depressive

severe mania and often depression

bipolar 2

multiple depressive episodes involves hypomania

symptoms of depression episodes

feelings of hopelessness, despair, gloom, insomnia, inability to master the environment, eating disorder

extreme fatigue, sadness, personal guilt, irritability, anxiety

symptoms of manic episodes

Excessive euphoria, happiness, optimism  

Inflated self-esteem  

Hyperactivity and spontaneity  

Lack of sleep (even days)  

Rapid speech and tangent discussions.  

Likely engagement in risky behaviour

biomedical treatment for BPD

anti depressants

can stabilize emotional state and reduce symptoms

does not resolve the cause, risk of addiction

therapeutic treatment for BPD

psychoanalytic or CBT - prolong a period of normalcy

routine management - establish and maintain a regular routine

schizophrenia

least common but most serious psychoses, involves a breakdown in perception and thought process

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

presence of symptoms, indicative of losing touch with reality, hallucinations, delusions, movement disruptions

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

things that stop happening, flat effect, reduced feeling of pleasure and speaking, difficulty beginning or sustaining activities

cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia

subtle severe changes to memory, poor executive functioning, trouble focusing, problems with working memory

treatment for schizophrenia

antipsychotics - medications

psychosocial - meeting with a doctor to develop coping skills

coordinated specialty care - meds, psychosocial therapies, family involvement

paranoid schizophrenia

hallucinations and delusions, feelings of persecution conspiracy suspicion lack of trust and grandeur, most common form of schizophrenia

hebephrenic schizophrenia

disorganization of cognitive process, disorganized emotion, impairment in communication, daily routine can be lost, appears emotionally unstable or giddy

catatonic schizophrenia

significant impairment in physical movement

motionless stupor, hyperactivity, a wavy flexibility, parrot behaviour

undifferentiated schizophrenia

symptoms are not prominent enough to be classified into one form

also known as mixed clinical syndrome 

symptoms may fluctuate and change over time

residual schizophrenia

lessening of symptoms, when the patient no longer displays prominent symptoms 

Linger symptoms **may remain**

Periods of new active-phase psychosis that continue throughout the remainder of patients' lives.

anti social personality disorder

rare psychotic disorder known as sociopathy

symptoms of ASPD

pathological lying  

taking pleasure in causing pain to others  

lack of guilt or remorse over one’s actions  

inability to feel empathy - most common in serial killers

treatment for ASPD

challenging to treat,

biomedical; some prescription drugs can curb symptoms such as aggression; but do **NOT** remove the inclination to harm others