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Case Study
An in-depth analysis of a single political system, event, or institution to understand broader political phenomena and develop comparative insights.
Coalition
A temporary alliance of political parties or groups that come together to form a government or pursue shared interests, often seen in parliamentary systems.
Complexity
The intricate and interconnected nature of political systems, institutions, and processes that influence decision-making and governance.
Constitution
The fundamental legal framework outlining the structure, powers, and limitations of a government, as well as the rights of citizens.
Demands
The pressures placed on a government by individuals, groups, or movements seeking policy changes or political action.
Empirical Theory
A theory based on observation and evidence, used to explain and predict political behavior and institutions.
Environment
The external conditions, such as social, economic, and cultural factors, that influence a political system's functioning.
Equilibrium
A stable state in which political forces, institutions, and societal expectations are balanced, minimizing conflict and maintaining order.
Falsify
To test a theory by providing evidence that disproves it, a key concept in scientific political analysis.
Feedback
The process by which governments receive information from the public or other institutions about the effects of their policies and decisions.
Feedback Loop
A cyclical process in which government actions generate responses that, in turn, influence future policy decisions and governance.
General Theory
A broad theoretical framework that seeks to explain multiple political phenomena across different contexts.
Government
The institutions and individuals responsible for making and enforcing public policy within a political system.
Identity Politics
Political movements and debates centered around the interests and experiences of particular social, ethnic, or cultural groups.
Imagined Community
A concept by Benedict Anderson describing how nations are socially constructed based on shared identity and perception rather than direct personal relationships.
Imperialism
The political, economic, or military domination of one country or region by another, often associated with colonial expansion.
Input
The political demands, preferences, and influences that enter a government's decision-making process.
Interest Group
An organized group that seeks to influence government policy to benefit its members or a specific cause.
Model
A simplified representation of political processes or systems used to analyze and predict political behavior.
Most Different Systems
A comparative research method that examines cases that are different in most ways but share a common political outcome, to identify key causal factors.
Most Similar Systems
A comparative research method that examines cases that are similar in most ways but differ in their political outcomes, to identify the factors responsible for variation.
Nation
A group of people sharing common cultural, historical, or linguistic characteristics, often seeking self-governance or political recognition.
Nationalism
A belief in the importance of national identity, often leading to movements for self-determination or policies prioritizing national interests.
Normative
An approach in political science that focuses on evaluating how things should be rather than just how they are.
Output
The policies, decisions, and actions produced by a government in response to political inputs.
Paradigm
A dominant model or framework for understanding political phenomena that shapes research and analysis.
Parsimonious Theory
A theory that explains political phenomena using the fewest possible assumptions or variables, favoring simplicity and efficiency.
Political Culture
The shared attitudes, beliefs, and values that shape citizens' political behavior and perceptions of government.
Political Participation
The ways in which individuals engage in political processes, such as voting, protesting, or joining political organizations.
Political Party
An organized group that seeks to gain and hold power by winning elections and influencing public policy.
Politics
The processes of decision-making, power struggles, and governance within and between political systems.
People Power
The influence of mass movements and popular uprisings in challenging or shaping government policies and regimes.
Public Policy
The decisions and actions taken by governments to address societal issues and implement laws and regulations.
Regime
The set of rules and institutions that determine how power is exercised within a state, including democratic and authoritarian systems.
State
A political entity with a defined territory, a permanent population, and a centralized government that has sovereignty over its affairs.
Support
The legitimacy and backing that governments receive from the public, institutions, or external actors.
Systems Theory
A framework for analyzing political systems as complex structures that process inputs (demands, resources) and produce outputs (policies, decisions).
Theory
A systematic explanation of political phenomena based on patterns, observations, and logical reasoning.
Theories of Change
Frameworks that describe how political and social transformations occur, identifying the conditions and processes that drive change.
Vicious Cycle
A negative feedback loop where political instability, economic decline, or weak governance reinforce and worsen existing problems.
Virtuous Circle
A positive feedback loop where good governance, economic growth, and political stability reinforce and strengthen each other.
Weber, Max
A political theorist known for his work on authority, bureaucracy, and the concept of the state as the entity that holds the 'monopoly on the legitimate use of force.'
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