Medical Terminology for Health Professions 8th edition, Chapter 14

cervic/o

prefix: cervix (neck of uterus)

colp/o

prefix: vagina

-gravida

suffix: pregnant

gynec/o

prefix: woman, female

hyster/o

prefix: uterus

mast/o

prefix: breast

men/o

prefix: menstruation, menses

orchid/o

prefix: testicles

ov/o

prefix: egg, ovum

ovari/o

prefix: ovary

-para

suffix: to give birth

-pexy

suffix: surgical fixation

salping/o

prefix: fallopian tube

test/i

prefix: testicle, testis

abruptio placentae

a serious pregnancy complications where the placenta separates from the uterus before birth

amenorrhea

the absence of menstrual period

amniocentesis

the prenatal sampling of amniotic fluid using a hollow needle inserted into the uterus, screens for developmental abnormalities of the fetus

andropause

a gradual age-related decline in testosterone levels in mens, starting around age 40

Apgar score

standardized assessment to test newborns for general health and adaptation to life outside of the womb

azoospermia

absence of motile sperm in the semen

cervical dysplasia

the growth of abnormal cells on the cervix’s surface, usually from HPV

cervicitis

inflammation of the cervix, often caused by STIs

chancre

a firm, painless, open sore that appears where syphilis enters the body, often on genitals, mouth, or anus

chlamydia

common, curable STI that often has no symptoms but can cause painful urination, discharge, or bleeding

chorionic villus sampling

an early prenatal diagnostic test done between weeks 10-12 that samples placental tissue for genetic conditions like Down syndrome

colostrum

nutrient-dense milk released immediately after birth

colporrhaphy

surgical suturing for pelvic organ prolapse, strengthening the vaginal walls

colposcopy

a procedure using a magnifying instrument to examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva

dysmenorrhea

painful menstruation often involves abdominal cramps

eclampsia

a condition in which one or more convulsions occur in pregnant woman suffering from high blood pressure, often followed by a coma

ectopic pregnancy

a pregnancy in which the fetus develops outside of the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube

endometriosis

a condition resulting from the appearance of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus, causing pelvic pain

epididymitis

inflammation of the epididymis

episiotomy

surgical cut into the perineum made during childbirth to enlarge the vaginal opening

fibroadenoma

a tumor of mixed fibrous and glandular tissue, occurring as a benign growth in the breast

galactorrhea

production and discharge of milk from the breast that is not related to childbirth or breastfeeding

gonorrhea

common STI caused by bacteria involving inflammatory discharge from the urethra or vagina

hematospermia

blood in semen

hydrocele

a painless collection of fluid around the testicle

hypomenorrhea

unusually light or short menstrual periods, often just a few drops of blood or spotting

hysterectomy

surgical removal of the uterus

hysterosalpingography

a diagnostic X-ray procedure using contrast dye to visualize the uterus and fallopian tubes

hysteroscopy

a procedure using a thin scope to visualize the inside of the uterus and cervix

lactation

the secretion of milk by the mammary glands

leukorrhea

normal, milky white mucus vaginal discharge that keeps that vagina healthy

mastalgia

breast pain linked to hormonal shifts during the menstrual cycle

mastopexy

surgical fixation of sagging breasts, usually by removing excess skin to provide a more youthful appearance

menarche

the term for the first menstrual period

menometrorrhagia

Excessive uterine bleeding both during normal periods and irregular intervals

neonate

a newborn infant (less than four weeks old)

nullipara

a woman that has never given birth

obstetrician

doctor specializing in pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care

oligomenorrhea

infrequent or irregular menstrual periods, with cycles longer than 35 days

oophorectomy

surgical removal of one or both ovaries

orchiectomy

surgical removal of one or both testicles

orchiopexy

surgical procedure to bring an undescended testicle into the scrotum

pelvic inflammatory disease

inflammation of the female genital tract often caused by STIs

perimenopause

the transition leading up to menopause, characterized by irregular periods, hot flashes, and mood swings

Peyronie’s disease

a condition in which fibrous scar tissue forms in the penis causing a painful, curved erection

placenta previa

a condition in which the placenta partially or wholly blocks the neck of the uterus

polycystic ovary syndrome

a hormonal disorder in reproductive-age women causing irregular periods, excess androgen levels, and small follicles on ovaries

postpartum

the time period (roughly 6 weeks to a year) after childbirth

preeclampsia

a condition in pregnancy characterized by high BP, fluid retention, and proteinuria

priapism

persistent and painful erection of the penis

primigravida

a woman who is pregnant for the first time

primipara

a woman who has given birth one time

salpingo-oophorectomy

surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes and ovaries

syphilis

a chronic bacterial disease that is contracted through sexual contact, starting as painless sores

trichomoniasis

common STI caused by a parasite, leading to itching, foul-smelling discharge, and painful urination

uterine prolapse

condition in which the uterus drops into the vagina due to weakened pelvic floor muscles

vaginismus

condition in which vaginal muscles tense or contract uncontrollably when an object tries to enter the vagina

varicocele

enlargement of veins within the scrotum or on the spermatic cord similar to varicose veins

vasovasostomy

surgical procedure to reverse a vasectomy, reconnecting the vas deferens

vulvodynia

chronic pain or discomfort in the vulva with no known cause