Biology Regents Review: Key Concepts

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on key concepts from the Biology Regents lecture notes.

Observation

What is seen or measured.

Inference

A conclusion based on observation or evidence.

Hypothesis

An untested prediction that states both cause and effect.

Theory

A broad explanation of natural events supported by strong evidence.

Controlled Experiment

Compares results between two or more groups, one receiving treatment and one not.

Experimental Group

The group being tested or receiving treatment.

Control Group

The 'normal' group that is identical to the experimental group but does not receive the treatment.

Placebo

A 'fake' treatment given to the control group so subjects do not know which group they are in.

Independent Variable

The variable that is being tested, plotted on the X axis.

Dependent Variable

The variable that is measured at the end of an experiment, plotted on the Y axis.

Homeostasis

The ability of living things to maintain a stable internal environment.

Metabolism

All life processes make up an organism's energy use and reactions.

Autotrophs

Organisms that make their own food.

Heterotrophs

Organisms that eat other organisms for food.

Photosynthesis

The process by which autotrophs convert radiant energy into chemical energy in sugars.

Respiration

The process by which organisms break down sugar to release energy.

Aerobic Respiration

Respiration that requires oxygen and produces more ATP per sugar molecule.

Anaerobic Respiration

Respiration that occurs without oxygen and produces less ATP.

Lactic Acid

A byproduct of anaerobic respiration that can damage muscles.

Guard Cells

Cells that open and close the stomates in plants to regulate gas exchange.

Stomates

Small holes in plant leaves for gas exchange during photosynthesis.