DDD Research

Artemisia glabella

Arglabin

Arglabin

• Anti tumor

• Inhibition of farnesyl transferase

Artemisia annua

Artemisinin

Artemisinin

• Treatment of malaria

• Free radical formation that alkylate essential malarial proteins

Cannabis sativa

Cannabidiol

Cannabidiol

• Anti-epileptic, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, and anticancer

• Modulation of CB1, CB2, 5HT1A receptors in the CNS

Capsicum annum

Capsaicin

Capsaicin

• Chronic pain syndromes such as postherpetic neuralgia and musculoskeletal pain

• Activates Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in sensory nerves

Colchicum spp

Colchicine

Colchicine

• Gout

• Prevents microtubule assembly and hence modulate multiple pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways

Curcuma longa

Curcumin

Curcumin

• Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, arthritis, metabolic syndrome and pain

• Inhibition of NF-kB; scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; modulates the activities of GSH, catalase and SOD

Camellia sinensis

Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate

Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate

• Anti-viral against a diverse family of DNA and RNA viruses; antibacterial and antifungal activities. Anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities

• Alter or damage viral particle, primary target is viral membrane; disruption of lipid layer in bacterial cell wall; inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. Modulation of ROS production and inhibition of NF-kB signaling responsible for anticancer activity[28,29]

Galanthus caucasicus

Galantamine

Galantamine

• Dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease

• Reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; modulation nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs)[30]

Genista tinctoria

Genistein

Genistein

• Anticancer, Alzheimer's disease

• Protein-tyrosine kinase inhibition, induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic activity, antioxidant[31]

Gossypium hirsutum

Gossypol

Gossypol

• Anti-infertility/male contraceptive, Anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities

• Inhibit sperm production and motility; Bcl-2 inhibition; DNA polymerase and topoisomerase II inhibition; induce apoptosis

Euphorbia peplus

Ingenol mebutate

Ingenol mebutate

• Actinic keratosis

• Dual mechanism, Inducer of cell death necrosis and local pro-inflammatory response

Tabebuia avellanedae

B-Lapachone

B-Lapachone

• Variety of cancers, especially solid tumors, anti-trypanosoma, antimicrobial and antimalarial activities

• Anticancer activity through formation of ROS in NQO1-positive cells, topoisomerase inhibition, mTOR pathway modulator

Larrea tridentate

Masoprocol

Masoprocol

• Antineoplastic agent used in cancer chemotherapy

• 5-Lipoxygenase inhibition

Cephalotaxus harringtonia

Omacetaxine mepesuccinate

Omacetaxine mepesuccinate

• Anticancer agent; mainly chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

• Protein synthesis inhibition(prevent peptide elongation)

Taxus brevifolia

Paclitaxel

Paclitaxel

• Cancer chemotherapy

• Mitotic inhibitor

Podophyllum emodi

Podophyllotoxin

Podophyllotoxin

-Antitumor

• Polymerization of tubulin resulting in cell cycle arrest and suppress the formation of mitotic spindles microtubules

Allium cepa

Quercetin

Quercetin

• Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardiovascular protection; Alzheimer's disease; anti-ulcer; antimicrobial; antiallergic

• Inhibits cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase; inhibits platelet aggregation; inhibit gastric secretion and lipid peroxidation; ROS generation and MicroRNA 21 elevation

Vitis vinifera

• Chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic in different types of cancer. Also used as antidiabetic, in cardiovascular complications, metabolic syndromes, antioxidant.

• Modulation of multiple molecular pathways involved in cancer and xenobiotic metabolism; reduce oxidative stress and inflammation; cell proliferation arrest; induce apoptosis

Eleftheria terrace

Teixobactin

Teixobactin

• Antibacterial agent active against various gram-positive bacterial including vacomycin resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant S. aureus

• Inhibition of bacterial cell-wall sybthesis by binging to the synthesis building blocks lipid-II and lipid-III

Saccharomonospora sp

Lodopyridone

Lodopyridone

• Anticancer

• Cytotoxic to HCT-116 human colon cancer cells

Salinospora tropica

Salinosporamide A

Salinosporamide A

• AnticancerInhibition of 20S

• Proteasome

Streptomyces platensis

Platensimycin

Platensimycin

• Antibiotic, active against various Gram-positive bacteria including resistant strains

• Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in cell membrane through inhibition of β-ketoacy synthases I/II (FabF/B)

Streptomyces platensis

Platencin

Platencin

• Antibiotic, active against various Gram-positive bacteria including resistant strains

• Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in cell membrane through inhibition of β-ketoacy synthases I/II (FabF/B)

Cyanobacteria Nostoc

Cryptophycin

Cryptophycin

• Anticancer

• Inhibiotion of cell division by depletion of microtubule through interaction with tubulin

Streptomyces roseosporus

Daptomycin

Daptomycin

• Systemic and life-threatening infection caused Gram-positive bacteria

• Disruption of bacterial cell-membrane function

Pleurotus mutilins

Retapamulin

Retapamulin

• Antibacterial used to treat topical skin infection impetigo

• Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 50s ribosome