Unit 3 Plants Biology A

In the binomial nomenclature system of naming organisms, which of the terms is capitalized in the species name?

The genus is capitalized and the species name is not/Taxonomists assign each organism a unique two-word name consisting of its genus and species names using a system known as binomial nomenclature. The genus is always listed first and capitalized while the species is always listed second and in lowercase. Both words are italicized.

Several different phyla make up a _________.

Kingdom/Use the mnemonic to remember the hierarchy of biological classification: Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup. For example, each domain includes numerous kingdoms, a kingdom includes numerous phyla, and so on.

If two organisms are classified in the same order, then they must also be classified in same _______.

Class/Use the mnemonic to remember the hierarchy of biological classification: Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup.

Which of the following is NOT a reason plants are important to life on Earth?

Plants rely directly on animals as a source of food/While plants and animals are both multi-cellular eukaryotes, plants are autotrophs and produce their own food through photosynthesis, while animals are heterotrophs and must consume and digest their food. All animals are mobile at some point in their life; however, plants are immobile, or cannot move, from their environment.

What characteristic listed below is shared by both plants and animals?

Both plants and animals are multi-cellular eukaryotes/While plants and animals are both multi-cellular eukaryotes, plants are autotrophs and produce their own food through photosynthesis, while animals are heterotrophs and must consume and digest their food.

Which characteristic listed below is unique to plants?

Plants produce their own food through photosynthesis/Plants are important to life on Earth because, without plants, there would be no oxygen on Earth for aerobic organisms. In addition, plants are the source of all energy on Earth because they convert solar energy into the chemical energy stored in glucose and other carbon compounds. All organisms rely directly or indirectly on these compounds for energy.

What is the name of the tool scientists use to identify a plant based on a series of paired statements that are based on characteristics?

Dichotomous key/You must use this tool in sequential order.

What are the three most basic parts of a plant?

stem,leaves,roots/A plant needs structures to absorb and transport nutrients and to photosynthesize.

Although bacteria and fungi have cell walls, plants have which substance in their cell walls?

cellulose/This substance adds strength to the cell wall.

What is the name of the process that scientists use to place organisms into categories?

classification/The process organizes organisms that have similar adaptations together

What is the difference between alternate and opposite leaf arrangements?

whether the leaf has one or two leaves at the node/Arrangements are based the pattern the leaves make on the stem.

What is the main difference among vascular plants?

their reproductive structures/The categories of vascular plants are named for their main difference.

Why can lycophytes grow taller than simpler plants such as mosses and liverworts?

because they have vascular tissue/Lycophytes have specialized tissue that transports nutrients and provides structural support.

Which specialized structures do seedless plants use to reproduce?

spores/These haploid cells are either sperm or eggs.

Lycophytes, horsetails, and ferns are grouped based on which characteristic?

leaf arrangment/This characteristic is an easily visible structure.leaf arrangement

What is the main advantage of spores being small and light weight?

spores can travel far/Spores are normally picked up by the wind or animal fur.

If all the microphylls are removed from a club moss, which process would affected?

photosynthesis/Microphylls are spread out horizontally and are branched to capture more sunlight.

The prefix "gameto-" in "gametophyte" tells you what about the plant?

the plant is haploid/The gametophyte houses the sperm and egg cells.

Spermatophytes are so named because part of their reproductive process includes these specialized structures.

seeds/These structures store the developing embryo until conditions are favorable

This process occurs when pollen grains are transported to the female part of a plant.

pollination/Pollen grains can be transported by wind or insects.

Under favorable conditions, seeds undergo this process.

germination/Seeds develop into a young plant.

In addition to absorbing and storing nutrients, what third function do roots perform?

anchoring the plant/Roots are the reason plants remain planted! 

Mitosis is a cellular division that increases the number of identical cells. What is the effect of meiosis on the cell?

reduces its amount of DNA/Meiosis produces haploid cells.

These specialized structures transport a large volume of nutrients throughout spermatophytes.

veins/This bundle of vascular tissue is visible in leaves.

Why are gymnosperms said to have "naked seeds"?

because they don’t have fruit/Gymnosperms do not have seeds enclosed within a protective structure.

How can an observer tell if a tree is a cycad and not a palm?

1. look for cones

2. look for leaves

3. look for pollen

4. look for fruit

look for cones/A cycad is a gymnosperm, a palm is not.

How are gnetophytes usually pollinated?

by insects/Gnetophyte pollen contains a lot of sugar.

Which gymnosperms are famous for being some of the oldest, tallest plants?

conifers/These plants grow tall and for a long time because they resist extreme environmental conditions.

Which gymnosperm seed is used to help improve memory?

ginkgo/These smelly seeds are the reason most people have male tree of this gymnosperm.

Which gymnosperm cone extract is used in weight loss?

epherda/Most people mistake these female cones for berries.

Which correctly describes a difference between monocots and dicots?

Monocots have one leaf present inside the seed, while dicots have two leaves inside the seed./The name dicot comes from "dicotyledon," with the root "di" meaning "two." 

Which of these describes plants that are embryophytes?

mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms/Embryophytes are land plants, so any plants that grow on land fit this term.

Which of these lists the female parts of a flower?

It's called the pistil and is made of the stigma, style, and ovary.

What is endosperm?

tissue in the seed that provides nourishment for the growing plant/Endosperm is found in the seed. The plant's seed leaves are called its cotyledons; the seed coat protects the plant's embryo.

What is pollination?

the transfer of the structure that carries sperm from an anther to a pistil/Sperm-containing pollen is made by the anther. Once the pollen is transferred to to the pistil of a flower via pollination, the sperm cells are able to travel to and fertilize the plant's eggs.

Which lists parts of a seed?

endosperm,seed coat, embryo/Seeds contain the young plant and a special tissue that nourishes the embryo and have a tough outer covering.

What is the goal of seed dispersal?

parent plants and their offspring will not have to compete for resources

What is ballistochory?

seed dispersal by force/The root "ballo" means "to throw."

During double fertilization, what is made when a sperm cell combines with the polar nuclei?

the endosperm/Double fertilization consists of two events. In one of these events, a sperm cell combines with polar nuclei to create the endosperm.

Which correctly demonstrates how form follows function in seed dispersal?

a milkweed seed is attached to a piece of fluff to carry to on the wind/Form follows function means that the way a seed is shaped gives clues to how the plant disperses that seed.

A certain plant makes brightly colored fruits that have a sweet taste. Which is the most likely way this plant's seeds are dispersed?

animals/Many fruits contain seeds that are able to withstand a digestive tract.

What is the ultimate outcome of double fertilization?

a seed/Double fertilization results in an embryo and endosperm that are enclosed in a seed coat.

Which of these caused the grass seedlings to grow vertically, not toward the light?

darwin grew grass seedlings with a foil cap at the tip/The plant cannot grow toward the light if its tip is not exposed to the light. In this case, it will just grow vertically.

What is a biological tropism?

the growth of an organism in response to a stimulus in the environment/The word tropism comes from a Greek word that means to turn.

What is the stimulus in phototropism?

1. touch

2. gravity

3. light

4. growth

light/plants near a window

What kind of tropism causes a plant's shoot to grow upward and root to grow downward?

gravitropism/The same stimulus that pulls a plant's roots down pulls you down.

What parts of the plant have a high concentration of auxins?

1. the root and shoot

2. the flower

3. the leaf base

4. the chloroplasts

the root and shoot/Auxins stimulate growth and elongation of plant cells.

What did Darwin's series of experiments show about phototropism?

plant growth toward light only occurs when the shoot tip is exposed to light/Darwin added light-blocking and light-allowing caps to the tips and stems of growing seedlings.

What molecule helps a plant root sense gravity?

1. auxin

2. water

3. starch

4. salt

starch/One of the functions of a plant's root is to store sugar molecules such as starch, in long chains.

What is a phytochrome?

a chemical that senses light/A plant would not be able to tell how dark it is without phytochromes.

Which term describes a plant that blooms only when exposed to an amount of light greater than its photoperiod?

long-day/A photoperiod is the amount of darkness a plant is exposed to in a 24-hour period.

The absence of which chemical is mostly responsible for abscission?

1. nitrogen

2. carotenoids

3. phytochromes

4. chlorophyll

chlorophyll/Plants shed their leaves when it's not possible for them to do much photosynthesis.

What is dormancy?

1. a period of decreased growth in plants

2. a period of darkness measured by phytochromes

3. the process in which leaves age

4. the process in which plants drop leaves and stems

a period of decreased growth in plants/A common definition of the word dormant is "to go to sleep."

What term describes a part of the year that has a unique amount of daylight or precipitation?

season/The Earth's revolution around the sun causes different areas of the Earth to get different amounts of light over the course of a year.

Which type of dormancy results when a plant prepares for a change in the seasons?

predictive/If a plant prepares for a change, it gets ready for something it knows is going to happen.

Which term describes the organisms in an ecosystem that make their own energy?

producer/Plants serve this role, as do other organisms that do photosynthesis and make energy from light. 

What are the products of cellular respiration?

1. oxygen, sugar, and energy

2. water, oxygen, and sugar

3. energy, water, and carbon dioxide

4. carbon dioxide, sugar, and oxygen

energy,water,Carbon Dioxide/Cellular respiration is used by animals to make energy from sugar and oxygen.

What term describes an organism that eats other living organisms to get food?

hetrotroph/Animals consume other organisms to get energy because they cannot make their own food. 

A community near a large river sends a group of volunteers to the river bank to plant grass. Which describes why they might do this? 

the grass roots will help prevent erosion/Grass has an extensive, thick root system that holds soil in place.

What is bioremediation?

the use of a living organism to help detoxify an area/Plants like ferns and sunflowers can absorb heavy metals like lead from the ground

Which statement about the role of plants in the human diet is correct?

humans eat roots,stems,leaves, and flowers/When we eat a plant, we are eating one of its organs (in whole or in part).