Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology

Female Uterus Types

Duplex

Bicornuate

Simplex

Duplex

Example: Rabbit

Description: 2 cervices, no uterine body

Bicornuate

Example: Cow, sow, mare

Description: 1 cervix, uterine horns

Simplex

Example: Primates

Description: 1 cervix, no horns

Cow

1 cervix

uterine horns

Mare

Smooth Cervix

Sow

Large uterine horns

Oviduct

Site of fertilization (ampullary-isthmic junction)

Follicle

maturing egg

corpus luteum

- a temporary endocrine gland that forms in the ovary after ovulation

- progesterone

corpus albicans

- a small, whitish scar in the ovary that forms from the degeneration of the corpus luteum when a released egg is not fertilized

- regressed CL

Male Anatomy: Testes

Gametogenic (sperm)

Endocrine (testosterone)

Epididymis

Storage & maturation of sperm

Penis types

fibroelastic and vascular

Fibroelastic

bull, boar, and ram; has a sigmoid flexure

Vascular penis

Stallion, man, dog

Accessory glands

Add fluids and nutrients

Puberty

Sexual maturity onset

Estrus

Standing heat (female is receptive to male)

Estrous Cycle

Time between heats (~21 days)

Gestation

pregnancy (process of fertilization -> birth)

Parturition

Act of giving birth

Cow (estrous cycle)

Cycle: 21 day

Estrus: 18 hr

Gestation 283 days

Ewe (estrous cycle)

Cycle: 17 day

Estrus: 30 hr

Gestation: 147 days

Sow (estrous cycle)

Cycle: 21 day

Estrus: 60hr

Gestation: 115 days

Mare (estrous cycle)

Cycle: 22 day

Estrus: 7 day

Gestation: 343 days