Introduction to the Central Nervous System

Flashcards covering key concepts related to the central nervous system, including its structure, function, and protective systems.

What are the two main subdivisions of the nervous system?

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and Central Nervous System (CNS).

What does the Central Nervous System consist of?

The brain and spinal cord.

What are the two types of neurons based on their function?

Sensory (afferent) neurons and Motor (efferent) neurons.

Name the four types of glial cells found in the Central Nervous System.

Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, Microglia, and Ependymal cells.

What is the role of astrocytes in the nervous system?

They support neurons, absorb leaked potassium ions, absorb and release neurotransmitters, and contribute to the blood-brain barrier.

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

They are myelinating glial cells of the CNS that wrap around multiple neurons.

How many segments is the spinal cord divided into?

31 segments.

What are the four lobes of the brain and their primary functions?

Frontal Lobe: motor skills and cognitive functions; Parietal Lobe: somatosensory input processing; Occipital Lobe: vision; Temporal Lobe: auditory processing and memory.

What structures protect the central nervous system?

Cranial meninges, which include dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

What is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

It provides cushioning and support for the brain and spinal cord and is found in the subarachnoid space.