has globalisation challenged the nation state ?

it has: economic globalisation

the world economy is too closely connected. MNC’’s override the power of government

Nation states can’t insulate , 2008 financial crash

nation states now change economic policy in order to attract foreign investors ( Brazil abandoned its socialist policies in 2003) , Ireland

it has : intergovernmentalism

the interests of nation-states are bound together with IGO’s

IMF, World Bank —> Nation states have to accept their authority even if a gov perceives them to be against national interest. Greece austerity example

it has : regional organisations

regionalism has impacted state sovereignty

EU decisions are legally binding to all its members.

it has : the internet

the reach of the internet compromises states physical borders

Anti gov media - Arab spring

weakens nation state soft power ? culture/fashion etc

MNC over world leaders. Trump banned from twitter , launched truth social ? ( stock is tanking)

it has : NGOs

Many NGOs can reach across borders and challenge the influence of nation-states on its population

Greenpeace, HR watch add pressure

HR watch “investigate, expose and change” , they played a huge role in the creation of the ICC, the documentation of war crimes in Bosnia led to tribunals being set up

influential people ? David Attenborough, Gretta , Angelina Jolie ( UN special envoy for refugees)

it has : Challenges within Nation states

the integrity of nation-states can be challenged from ‘below’

In 2014 Scotland narrowly voted against independence, weakened the sovereignty of the UK ?

it hasn’t : Limits of global imperialism and cooperation

Nation-states remain the key decision maker when states negotiate global rules , deals and agreements

Paris climate agreement - NS , they pledge how much to reduce emissions by, always failing

Trump withdrew “elect the citizens of Pittsburgh not paris”

it hasnt: policy

the state is the main power and authority that determines the life of its citizens

response to COVID 19 differed, there isn’t a “world government” as desired by hyper globalises

police the internet, Chinese “firewall” = no google, youtube etc

Russia enacted legislation that bans “undesirable” foreign NGOs from operating in the country if they are perceived as a threat to national security

it hasn’t : national borders

nation-states remain highly committed to protecting and policing their borders

since 9/11 the terrorist threat has increased border security. USDHS is the third biggest federal employer

COVID , importance of borders

it hasnt : human rights

nation states continue to be the main arbiter of civil rights and universal agreement remains difficult to achieve

1993 Bangkok declaration provided a clear statement of “Asian values” human rights should be “ considered in context”

womens rights in afghanistan ?!

it hasn’t : international law

nation states determine the extent to which they will abide by the rulings of the ICC

ICC Netinyahu ? Hungary withdrew , implied the UK would arrest him - but in actuality ?

it hasn’t: national allegiance

loyalty to states remains remarkably potent.

AFD, Reform, French Natonal Rally

right wing nationalistic parties

it hasn’t : state egoism

states are ultimately self interested