Anatomy Axial Skeleton Practical Terms

Coronal suture

Parietal bone
sagittal suture

lamboid suture

occipital bone

frontal bone

supraorbital foramen

nasal bone

frontal process of maxilla

lacrimal bone

perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

Maxilla

vomer bone

anterior nasal spine

infraorbital foramen

cribriform plate

crista galli

optic foramen

sella turcica bone

incisive foramen/incisive canals

palatine process

foramen lacerum

foramen ovale

foramen spinosum

carotid foramen

jugular foramen

occipital condyle

Mastoid process

foramen magnum

Zygomatic bone

Zygomatic arch

squamous suture

temporal bone

zygomatic arch

articular tubercle

mandibular fossa

pterygoid process

styloid process

external auditory meatus

mastoid process

Left:

Right:

left

inferior alveolar process

mental foramen

mental protuberance

right

coronoid process

mandibular notch

mandibular condyle

Left:

Right:

left

vertebrae body

right

transverse processes

articulating processes

spinous process

vertebral foramen

vertebral body

spinous process

articulating process

vertebral foramen

intervertebral foramen

intervertebral disc

transverse process

spinous process

left:

right:

left

floating ribs

right

cervical vertebrae

thoracic vertebrae

lumbar vertebrae

sacrum

coccyx

left

right

left

true ribs

right

manubrium

sternum body

xiphoid process

false ribs

A. Cranial Sutures -

Joints made of strong, fibrous tissue hold the bones of your skull together.

Sutures:

Coronal Suture, Lambdoidal Suture, Sagittal  Suture Squamosal Suture

B. Cranium -

the part of the skull that encloses the brain

1. Frontal Bone -

forms the anterior and superior portions of the skull.

Supraorbital foramen -

a path for vessels and nerves from the orbit to the superficial region of the forehead

2. Parietal Bone (x2) -

form the sides and roof of the cranium

3. Occipital Bone -

major part of the posterior wall and base of the skull

a. Foramen Magnum -

a passage of the central nervous system through the skull connecting the brain with the spinal cord.

b. Occipital Condyles -

articulate with the superior articular facets of the atlas (C1 vertebrae) and form a hinge joint allowing flexion and extension of the head.

4. Temporal Bones (x2) -

forms lower lateral walls of the skull

5. Sphenoid Bone -

forms the base of the cranium, behind the eye and below the front part of

6. Ethmoid Bone -

a small, cube-shaped bone in the center of the skull that helps form the eye sockets, nasal cavity, and sinuses:

C. Facial Bones -

bones that make up the face and are located between the cranium and the mandible

1. Maxilla -

bones that form the upper jaw, the roof of the mouth, and parts of the eye socket and nose:

a. Superior Alveolar process -

the thick, curved ridge of bone that forms the socket for upper teeth

Infraorbital foramen -

small holes in the maxilla, located below the eye socket and to the left and right of the nose.  

Frontal process -

thin, long, superior projection found along the side of the nose forming part of its lateral boundary

Anterior nasal spine  -

projects anteriorly in the midline, inferior to nasal cavity

Lacrimal bones -

two small bones of the maxilla are roughly the size of the little fingernail and situated at the anterior portion of the medial wall of each orbit.

Lacrimal fossa

opening in the lacrimal bone that provides drainage for the lacrimal gland (produce tears)

Nasal bones

a pair of bony plates that form the left and right bridge of the nose

Vomer

forms inferior half of the nasal septum

Zygomatic Bones

a pair of bones that form the cheek and part of the eye socket on each side of the skull

Zygomatic arch

bridge of bone extending from the temporal bone at the side of the head around to the maxilla (upper jawbone) in front

Palatine bones

form the rear of the hard palate and part of the wall and floor of the nasal cavity.

Mandible

lower jaw bone

Inferior Alveolar process

the thick, curved ridge of bone that forms the socket for the lower teeth

Mental protuberance

bony protrusion in the front of the lower jaw that forms the chin

Condylar process

the process on the mandible that ends in a condyle that articulates with the temporal bone at the mandibular fossa (TMJ)

Mandibular notch

a U-shaped groove in the mandible found  between the coronoid process anteriorly and the condylar process posteriorly.

Incisive foramen/incisive canals

an opening in the hard palate that allows nerves and blood vessels to pass between the nasal and oral cavities

Coronoid process

a triangular projection on the mandible that provides an attachment point for the muscles used for chewing

Vertebral Column

a column of several vertebrae (24 total), stacked on top of each other from the bottom of the skull to the pelvis; protects the spinal cord and supports the body's weight

Cervical Vertebrae

7 vertebrae found at the top of the vertebral column

Thoracic Vertebrae

12 vertebrae found in mid

Lumbar Vertebrae

5 vertebrae found at the base of the vertebral column

Sacrum

a large, triangular bone that forms the base of the spine and the back wall of the pelvis; strengthens and stabilizes the pelvis

Coccyx

final segment of the vertebral column, composed of 3

Vertebrae

one of the series of irregular shaped bones that makes up the vertebral column

Articulating Processes

bony projections that connect vertebrae together, forming joints that help stabilize the spine

Spinous/Dorsal Process

extends backward from the body of the vertebra; attaches to muscles and ligaments, which support and move the vertebral

Transverse Process

 wing-like projections of bone extending laterally from each

side of the vertebrae body that allow back muscles and ligaments to attach to the vertebral column

Intervertebral Foramen

opening between adjacent vertebrae that allows spinal nerves and blood vessels to pass through laterally

Vertebral Foramen

opening between adjacent vertebrae that allows spinal nerves and blood vessels to pass through

Vertebrae Body

the large rounded portion of each vertebrae

Intervertebral disc

a cushion of fibrocartilage between two vertebrae in the spinal column.

III. Ribs

the bony framework of the thoracic cavity that surrounds and protects vital organs including heart and lungs.

True Ribs

the first seven pairs of ribs in the human body that attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilages.

False Ribs

the eighth, ninth, and tenth pairs of ribs; are classified as false because their costal cartilage does not directly/individually attach to the sternum

Floating Ribs

11th and 12th pair of ribs, so named because they have no anterior articulation with the sternum or the other ribs

IV. Sternum

a long, flat bone in the center of the chest that protects the heart, lungs, and other organs and attaches to ribs via costal cartilage

Manubrium

superior portion of the sternum that articulates with the clavicle

Body

central part of sternum that articulates with several ribs

Xiphoid Process

small, pointed, inferior section of the sternum