Practice Pomeroy Chapter 8

Who was Athens' best general from 411-407 BCE? 354-55

Alcibiades

What happened to the Peloponnesian League during the Peace of Nicias? 341

It feel apart and had to be reconquered

What was a major reason why the Spartans won the Peloponnesian War? 364

They built a fleet

What was the Spartan strategy in the last years of the Peloponnesian War? 356

Take away the Athenian allies and cut off the grain supply

What were the economic consequences of the Peloponnesian War? 365

Nearly all Greeks were harmed by it

How was the change at Athens to the oligarchy of the Four Hundred accomplished? 352

The assembly voted itself out of existence

What was Nicias' attitude about the invasion of Sicily? 345

He opposed it

Once the Athenians had taken several hundred Spartan prisoners in the Peloponnesian War, what stopped? 336

Annual invasions of Attica

What dashing young Athenian leader rose to prominence during the Peace of Nicias? 342

Alcibiades

When the Four Hundred was set up at Athens, what was the intention? 352

They would soon give way to an assembly of 5000, made up of the hoplite class

What government did the Spartans install at Athens at the end of the Peloponnesian War? 359-60

Thirty Tyrants

What was the best form of learning, according to Socrates? 362

Question and answer

What happened in Athens just before the Sicilian expedition set sail? 345

The statues of Hermes were mutilated

What was the outcome of the Athenian invasion of Sicily? 350

The Athenian forces were massacred

How did Pericles die? 332

Plague

What was a major difference between leaders like Cleon and leaders like Pericles? 332

Cleon did not hold any public office at first

What strategy did the Spartans pursue in the first few years of the Peloponnesian War? 328

Ravage Attica so that the Athenians would come out and fight to defend it

Where was the final battle of the Peloponnesian War? 356

Aegospotami

What happened in the second year of the Peloponnesian War that shocked and debilitated the Athenians? 331

The plague hit Athens

When was the trial of Socrates? 360

399 BCE

When was the Athenian invasion of Sicily? 345-50

During the Peace of Nicias

What was the date for the beginning of the Peace of Nicias? 339

421 BCE

What is the most famous piece of writing left by Socrates? 362

He never wrote anything

What large group of Athenians opposed the Oligarchy of the Four Hundred? 352-53

The navy

In frustration, what did the Athenians do to Pericles in 429 BCE? 332

Deposed him from office and fined him

Who was the chief Athenian to emerge as leader immediately after the death of Pericles? 332

Cleon

Where did most of the fighting take place in the second half of the Peloponnesian War? 354-355

Asia Minor and the islands

When did the Archidamian War begin? 327

431 BCE

After Sphacteria, where did the main fighting in the Archidamian War move? 337-38

Chalcidice

What did Cleon want to do to the people of Mytilene once their revolt was settled? 333

Kill the men and enslave the women and children

What happened to the Spartans on Sphacteria? 336

They surrendered and were taken prisoner

When did the Archidamian War end? 327

421 BCE

Who was the foremost and most influential demagogue at Athens? 332

Cleon

When the Peloponnesian War was resumed after the Sicilian Expedition, how much longer did it last? 351

8 years

What was Alcibiades' attitude about the invasion of Sicily? 345

He favored it

How did Pericles plan to fight the Peloponnesian War? 327-28

By avoiding hoplite battle

Who was implicated in the Mutilation of the Herms? 345

Alcibiades

What was the outcome of the Battle of Arginousae? 355

The Athenians won, but executed most of their generals anyway

Under what terms did the Archidamian War end? 341

Each side would give back what it had taken

For what did demagogues get a bad reputation? 332

Manipulating the masses for the good of the demagogues, not of the polis

What does the word "demagogue" mean? 332

Leader of the people

What happened in Athens immediately after the Sicilian expedition? 351-52

An oligarchic coup

What is the name given to the first decade of the Peloponnesian War? 327

Archidamian

What permanent base in Athenian territory did the Spartans take shortly after the Sicilian Expedition? 351

Euboea

How long did the Peloponnesian War last in total? 325

27 years

What was the significance of having a permanent Spartan base in Athenian territory during the second half of the Peloponnesian War? 351

It put Athens in a year-round state of siege

What were the terms by which Athens agreed to end the Peloponnesian War? 357

Athens lost the Long Walls, the fortification around the harbor, and the fleet

What new ally did Sparta seek in the second half of the Peloponnesian War? 354-55

Persia

What unpopular strategy did Pericles adopt at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War? 328-29

Abandon the land outside the Long Walls

When did the Peloponnesian War start? 327

431 BCE