Origin, insertion, innervation, action of skeletal muscles

Name the muscle(s) that has their origin on the bone highlighted in green, including their:

• insertion

• innervation

• action

orbicularis oculi

• origin: lacrimal bone

• insertion: upper and lower eyelids

• innervation: facial nerve

• action: closes eyelids

Name the muscle(s) that has their origin on the maxilla AND mandible, including their:

• insertion

• innervation

• action

orbicularis oris

• insertion: skin around lips

• innervation: facial nerve

• action: compression and pursing of lips

buccinator

• insertion: angle of mouth

• innervation: facial nerve

• action: compresses cheeks, aids in mastication

Name the muscle(s) that has their origin on the zygomatic arch, including their:

• insertion

• innervation

• action

zygomaticus major 

• insertion: angle of mouth 

• innervation: facial nerve 

• action: draws the angle of the mouth backward and upward 

masseter

• insertion: ramus of the mandible, coronoid process

• innervation: trigeminal nerve 

• action: elevates mandible, closes jaw 

Name the muscle(s) that has their origin on ONLY the mandible, including their:

• insertion

• innervation

• action

mentalis

• insertion: skin of chin 

• innervation: facial nerve 

• action: raises and protrudes lower lip 

mylohyoid 

• insertion: body of hyoid bone 

• innervation: trigeminal nerve 

• action: elevates hyoid bone, depresses mandible 

Name the muscle(s) that has their origin on the structure highlighted in green, including their:

• insertion

• innervation

• action

frontalis

• origin: coronal suture

• insertion: skin of frontal region

• innervation: facial nerve

• action: wrinkles forehead skin, raises eyebrows

Name the muscle(s) that has their origin on structure highlighted in green, including their:

• insertion

• innervation

• action

temporalis

• origin: temporal fossa

• insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible

• innervation: trigeminal nerve

• action: elevates mandible

Name the muscle(s) that has their origin on the mandible AND temporal bone, including their:

• insertion

• innervation

• action

digastric 

• insertion: body of hyoid bone 

• innervation: 

  • anterior: trigeminal

  • posterior: facial nerve

• action: opens mouth by lowering mandible

Name the muscle(s) that has their origin on the manubrium and/or clavicle, including their:

• insertion

• innervation

• action

sternohyoid

• also has an origin on the medial end of the clavicle

• insertion: body of hyoid bone

• innervation: none

• action: depresses the larynx and hyoid bone

sternothyroid

• insertion: thyroid cartilage

• innervation: none

• action: depresses the larynx and hyoid bone

sternocleoidomastoid

• also has an origin on the sternal head of the manubrium, and medial 1/3 of the clavicle

• insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone

• innvervation: accessory nerve

• action: bilterally flexes head, unilaterally turns face toward opposite side

Name the muscle(s) that has their origin on the spinous processes of interior cervical vertebra and superior thoracic vertebra, including their:

• insertion

• innervation

• action

splenius group 

• insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone 

• innervation: none 

• action: extending the neck, lifting head up 

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

platsyma

• No origin or insertion

• Innervation: facial nerve

• Action: tenses skin of the neck

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

scalene

• no origin or insertion

• Innervation: facial nerve

• Action: both sides flex neck and elevates ribs

What muscles make up the erector spinae? What action do they all perform? 

For each muscle of the erector spinae, what is its insertion? 

1. Iliocostalis group: inserted at angles of lower ribs, cervical transverse processes

2. Longissimus group: inserted between tubercles and angles of ribs, transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae, and also the mastoid process

3. Spinalis group: inserted at the spinous processes of upper thoracic and mid cervical vertebrae 

As a whole, these groups help extend and laterally bend the vertebral column and head 

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

External intercostals

• origin: lower border of ribs

• insertion: upper border of rib below rib of origin 

• innervation: intercostal nerves

• action: elevates ribs in inspiration 

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

Quadratus lumborum

• origin: iliac crest

• insertion: transverse processes of lumbar vertebra

• innervation: none

• action: extends and laterally flexes vertebral column

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

external oblique 

• origin: external surfaces of ribs 5-12 

• insertion: linea alba and iliac crest 

• innervation: intercostal nerves 5-12 

• action: compresses and supports abdominal viscera, flexes and rotates trunk

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

internal oblique 

• origin: iliac crest 

• insertion: inferior borders of ribs 10-12, linea alba, pubis 

• innervation: intercostal nerves 5-12

• action: compresses and supports abdominal viscera, flexes and rotates trunk

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

transversus abdominis 

• origin: internal surfaces of costal cartilages 7-12, iliac crest

• insertion: linea alba, pubic crest 

• innervation: intercostal nerves 5-12 

• action: compresses and supports abdominal viscera

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

rectus abdominus 

• origin: pubic symphysis, pubic crest

• insertion: xiphoid process, costal cartilages 5-7 

• innervation: thoracic nerves (T7-T12)

• action: flexes trunk, compresses abdominal viscera 

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

trapezius 

• origin: occipital bone, spinous processes of C7-T12

• insertion: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula 

• innervation: accessory nerve

• action: elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula, lowers fibers —> depresses scapula

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

levator scapulae

• origin: transverse processes of C1-C4

• insertion: medial border of scapula

• innervation: C3-C4 and dorsal scapular nerve

• action: elevates scapula medially, inferiorly rotates glenoid cavity

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

Rhomboid major

• origin: spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae

• insertion: medial border of scapula

• innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

• action: adducts and inferior rotation of the scapula

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

rhomboid minor

• origin: spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae 

• insertion: medial border of scapula 

• innervation: dorsal scapular nerve 

• action: adducts and inferior rotation of the scapula 

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

pectoralis minor 

• origin: ribs 3-5

• insertion: coracoid process of the scapula 

• innervation: medial pectoral nerve 

• action: lowers scapula and protracts shoulder

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

serratus anterior 

• origin: first 9 ribs 

• insertion: medial border of scapula 

• innervation: long thoracic nerve 

• action: protracts shoulder and rotates scapula so the glenoid cavity moves superiorly

What are the muscles that make up the rotator cuff? Also, list their:

• origin

• insertion

• innervation

• action

Insertion at greater tubercle of humerus:

supraspinatus

• origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula

• innervation: suprascapular nerve

• action: abduction at shoulder

infraspinatus

• origin: infraaspinous fossa of scapula

• innervation: suprascapular nerve

• action: lateral rotation of shoulder

teres minor

• origin: lateral border of scapula

• innervation: axillary nerve

• action: laterally rotate and adduction at the shoulder

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subscapularis

• origin: subscapular fossa

• insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

• innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves

• action: medially rotates at the shoulder

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

teres major 

• origin: inferior angle of scapula 

• insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus 

• innervation: lower subscapular nerve 

• action: extension and medially rotation at the shoulder 

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

deltoid 

• origin: anterior clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula 

• insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus 

• innervation: axillary nerve 

• action: whole muscle abduction at shoulder

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?  

pectoralis major 

• origin: sternal half of clavicle, sternum to 7th rib, cartilages of ribs 2-6 

• insertion: humerus (intertubercular sulcus)

• innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves

• action: flexes and adducts shoulder, rotates shoulder medially

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

latissimus dorsi

• origin: spinous processes of T7-L5, iliac crest 

• insertion: humerus (intertubercular sulcus)

• innervation: thoracodorsal nerve 

• action: extends, adducts, and medially rotates shoulder 

What muscles have the innervation from the radial nerve and help the forearm move? 

Include their: 

• origin 

• insertion

• action 

all of these muscles have innervation from the radial nerve AND help forearm move

brachioradialis 

• origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus 

• insertion: styloid process of radius 

• action: flexes forearm at elbow 

triceps brachii lateral head 

• origin: superior lateral margin of humerus 

• insertion: olecranon process of ulna 

• action: extends forearm at elbow 

triceps brachii long head 

• origin: scapula 

• insertion: olecranon process of ulna 

• action: extends forearm at elbow, extends and adducts arm at shoulder 

triceps brachii medial head 

• origin: medial and posterior humerus 

• insertion: olecranon process of ulna 

• action: extends forearm at elbow 

supinator 

• origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus 

• insertion: radius distal to the radial tuberosity 

• action: supinates forearm

What muscle is shaded in red? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

biceps brachii

• origin:

  • long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

  • short head: coracoid process of scapula

• insertion: radial tuberosity

• innervation: musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

• action: flexion at elbow and shoulder, supinates forearm at elbow

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

brachialis

• origin: anterior surface of humerus

• insertion: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

• innervation: musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve (C7)

• action: flexes forearm at elbow

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

pronator teres

• origin:

  • medial epicondyle of humerus

  • coronoid process of ulna

• insertion: lateral surface of radius

• innervation: median nerve

• action: pronates forearm and assists with elbow flexion

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

coracobrachialis

• origin: coracoid process of scapula 

• insertion: medial surface of humeru s

• innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

• action: flexes and adducts at shoulder

What muscles have the innervation from the radial nerve and help the wrist/fingers move? 

Include their: 

• origin 

• insertion

• action 

all of these muscles have innervation from the radial nerve and help the wrist and fingers move

extensor carpi radialis longus 

• origin: humerus 

• insertion: 2nd metacarpal bone 

• action: extends and abducts hand at wrist

extensor carpi radialis brevis

• origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

• insertion: base of 3rd metacarpal bone

• action: extends and abducts hand at wrist

extensor digitorum

• origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus 

• insertion: phalanges, digits 2-5 

• action: extends medial for digits, assists in wrist extension

extensor carpi ulnaris 

• origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, ulna

• insertion: 5th metacarpal

• action: extends and adducts hand at wrist

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

flexor carpi ulnaris

• origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon of ulna

• insertion: pisiform bone, hamate, 5th metacarpal

• innervation: ulnar nerve

• action: flexes and adducts hand at wrist

What muscles are innervated by the median nerve and/or ulnar nerve?

Include their: 

• origin 

• insertion

• action 

innervated by median nerve:

flexor carpi radialis

• origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

• insertion: 2nd metacarpal

• action: flexes and abducts hand at wrist

palmaris longus

• origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

• insertion: none

• action: flexes hand at wrist

flexor digitorum superficialis

• origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, and coronoid process of ulna

• insertion: middle phalanges 2-5 digits

• action: flexes middle and proximal phalanges, flexes hand at wrist 

Innervated by ulnar nerve:

flexor carpi ulnaris

• origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon of ulna

• insertion: pisiform bone, hamate, 5th metacarpal

• action: flexes and adducts hand at wrist

innervated by both:

flexor digitorum profundus

• origin: none

• insertion: none

• innervation:

  • medial part: ulnar nerve

  • lateral part: median nerve

• action: flexes distal phalanges of digits 2-5, assists with flexion of hand at wrist

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

sartorius

• origin: anterior superior iliac spine

• insertion: tibial tuberosity

• innervation: femoral nerve

• actions: abducts, laterally rotates, and flexes at hip, flexes knee joint

What muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve and/or sciatic nerve

Include their: 

• origin 

• insertion

• action 

innervated by obturator nerve:

gracilis 

• origin: inferior ramus of pubis 

• insertion: medial condyle of tibia 

• action: adducts and medially roates hip, flexes and medially rotates at knee

adductor longus

• origin: body of pubis inferior to pubic crest

• insertion: linea aspera of femur

• action: adducts thigh at hip

innervated by obturator and sciatic nerves:

adductor magnus

• origin: inferior pubic ramus, ramus of ischium

• insertion: linea aspera, femur

• action: whole muscle adduction at hip

What muscles are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?

Include their: 

• origin 

• insertion

• action 

tensor fasciae latae

• origin: anterior superior iliac spine and iliac crest

• insertion: iliotibial tract

• actions: abducts, medially rotates and flexes thigh at hip

gluteus medius:

• origin: anterior iliac crest, lateral surface of ilium

• insertion: greater trochanter of femur

• action: abduction and medially rotates at hips

gluteus minimus:

• origin: lateral surface of ilium

• insertion: greater trochanter of femur

• abduction and medially rotates at hips

What muscles are innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve?

Include their: 

• origin 

• insertion

• action 

gluteus maximus

• origin: ilium, sacrum, and coccyx

• insertion: iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur

• action: extension and lateral rotation at hip

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

piriformis

• origin: sacrum 

• insertion: greater trochanter femur 

• innervation: none 

• action: none 

What muscles make up the illopsoas group and what action do they perform? 

iliacus and psoas major work together to do hip flexion

What muscle is highlighted in green? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

obturator internis

• origin: none

• insertion: none

• innervation: none

• action: laterally rotation and abduction at hip

What muscle is highlighted in green and the one below it? Where’s it origin and insertion? Also what innervation and action does it have?

superior gemmelii and inferior gemmelii 

• origin: none 

• insertion: none 

• innervation: none 

• action: laterally rotation and abduction at hip 

What muscles are innervated by ONLY the sciatic nerve and they allow for flexion at the knee?

Include their: 

• origin 

• insertion

• other action(s)

biceps femoris

• origin: ischial tuberosity

• insertion: head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia

• action: also extension and lateral rotation at hip

semitendinosus

• origin: ischial tuberosity

• insertion: medial surface of tibia

• action: also extension and medial rotation at hip

semimembranosus

• origin: ischial tuberosity

• insertion: medial condyle of tibia

• action: also extension and medial rotation at hip

What muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?

Include their: 

• origin 

• insertion

• action 

vastus medialis:

• origin: linea aspera of femur

• insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity

• action: extension at knee joint

vastus intermedius

• origin: anterior femur and linea aspera (distal half)

• insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity

• action: extension at knee joint

vastus lateralis:

• origin: greater trochanter, linea aspera of femur

• insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity

• action: extension at knee joint

rectus femoris:

• origin: anterior inferior iliac spine of ilium

• insertion: base of patella, tibial tuberosity

• action: extension at knee and flexion at hip

What muscles are innervated by the deep fibular nerve?

Include their: 

• origin 

• insertion

• action 

tibialis anterior:

• origin: lateral condyle, proximal tibia

• insertion: 1st metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform

• action: dorsiflexes foot at ankle and inverts foot

extensor digitorum:

• origin: lateral condyle of tibia

• insertion: phalanges digits 2-5

• action: extends toes 2-5 and dorsiflexes foot at ankle

What muscles are innervated by the superficial fibular nerve?

Include their: 

• origin 

• insertion

• action 

peroneus (fibularis) longus:

• origin: head and proximal shaft fibula

• insertion: 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

• action: eversion of foot, plantar flexes foot at ankle

peroneus (fibularis) brevis: 

• origin: distal fibula 

• insertion: 5th metatarsal bone 

• action: eversion of foot, plantar flexes foot at ankle

What muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve? 

Include their: 

• origin 

• insertion

• action 

gastrocnemius 

• origin: femoral condyles 

• insertion: calcaneus 

• action: plantar flexes foot at ankle joint, flexion of knee joint 

soleus: 

• origin: head and shaft of fibula 

• insertion: calcaneus 

• action: plantar flexes foot at ankle, postural muscle when standing 

plantaris

• origin: femur

• insertion: posterior calcaneus 

• action: plantar flexes foot at ankle joint, flexion of knee joint 

flexor digitorum longus: 

• origin: posterior tibia 

• insertion: distal phalanges 2-5 

• action: flexes toes 2-5 and plantar flexes foot at ankle