American History 1840-1860

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Missouri Compromise

-Missouri comes as a slave state

-Maine comes as free state

-No slavery in the territory above Missouri 

Mexican American War

-United States quickly defeated Mexico and allowed U.S to gain territory

Wilmot Proviso

Effort by a congressman

Tries to ensure there will be no slavery in any land from war 

*(Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, California, Utah)

Second Middle Passage

-More cotton plantations

-More slaves are being sold further south 

*(Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisana)

“Sold down the river”

-The idea that slaves were sold further south to cotton plantations

Harriet Tubman

-Helped about 70 people gain freedom in Underground Railroad 

-Helped woman rights 

Free Soil Party

-Party Against slavery coming into new territory

1849 California Gold Rush

*Important date

-1849 people rush to California to get gold

Compromise of 1850

*Important date

-California can become a free state

-New Mexico and Utah (can potentially become slave states)

-Fugitive slave law

Fugitive Slave Law

-Masters have the right to reclaim slaves

-Even in free states

Popular Sovereignty

-Let the states decides for themselves

-Pushed by Stephen Douglas

-Started in Kansas 

*Bad idea led to Bleeding Kansas

Bleeding Kansas

-Caused by allowing Kansas to decide its own state status

-John Brown and Family kills 5 people

-Mini Civil War

Dred Scott Decision

-Dred Scott enslaved on free territory, tries to sue

-Caused uproar between African Americans

2 Key Results

-Indicated that blacks have no rights

-Does away with Missouri compromise

Lincoln and loss

-Lincolns mother died

-Lincolns older sister died

-Lincolns second child died

(Faced A lot of loss)

Lincoln and education

-Lincoln had only one year of school

-Reading and Law

Lincoln and “Honest Abe”

-Business collapsed

-He stayed and worked to pay off his debts

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

-Biggest debate issue slavery

-Douglas makes Lincoln look bad and he looses

-Debate makes Lincoln popular

Raid on Hapers Ferry

-John Brown attacks storage place with weapons

-Gives to slaves

*lasted like a day before eveyrone got arrested or hanged 

Election of 1860

*Important date

-Democrats (North) Stephan Douglas; a senator in the North

-Democrats (South) Breckenridge

-Republicans Seward hopeful he would be candidate (Later beco

-Republicans Lincoln

Lincoln got elected (November) wins all states in North

By December South Carolina voted out themselves out of the Union 

William Seward

-Was a Republican

-Ran against Lincoln for president (1860 Election)

-Later becomes Abrahams head advisor

Stephen Douglas 

-Created the idea of Popular Sovereignty

-Current republican senator, and was hoping to get re-elected as senator to later become president

-Lincoln challenged him to debates and the main topic was about slavery

-Wanted to make Lincoln look radical by using his skin tone as an advantage

Grace Bedell

-Sent letter to Abraham Lincoln to grow beard

-Said her family members will vote for him

-11 years old

Angelina Grimke

Moved form South Carolina,

Wrote an appeal letter to Christian women in South

*To stop slavery

Fredrick Douglass

-Ex slave

-Wrote biography

-No longer thought of himself as slave after standing up to master

-Newspaper= The North Star

*To stop slavery

William Lloyd Garrison

-Wrote news papers (appealed to logic/christan values)

-Newspaper = The Liberator

*To stop slavery 

Harriet Beecher Stowe

-Wrote Uncle Toms Cabin

-Appealed to emotion (sympathy)

-Her baby died

John Brown

-Thought violence was the way to end slavery

-Raid on Harpers ferry (Led by him)

Immigrants to US

Germany and Ireland

William Miller

Believed Jesus would return in 1844, October 22.

Revelation (Where he got his info)

People who viewed that something important happened on that date, became the SDA church

Possible Bonus Question: 1 million people primarily in New England (believed this) 

Joseph Smith

Creator of Mormonism

Believed in Polygamy (many killed)

Smith is murdered for polygamy

Followers become led by Brigham Young, to Utah Territory

“The Burned Over District”

The part of New York State where William and Joseph Smith come from

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

Creators of the first women's convention(Seneca Falls Convention)

The Alamo

Fight with Texans vs Mexicans. "Remember the Alamo"

Lonely Star Republic

Texas called itself after the Alamo

Angelina Grimke was from a wealthy family that enslaved people.  She lived near Charleston, South Carolina. 

True

Joseph Smith was the founder of the Mormon church. 

True

Frederick Douglass felt that he no longer thought of himself as a slave after he fought Mr. Covey. 

True

Stephen Austin lead a group of settlers to Mexico. 

True

The most successful slave revolt took place in what today is Jamaica. 

False (Haiti)

A new political party formed in part to oppose Andrew Jackson. 

True

In the 1830s and 1840s the largest per cent of immigrants came to the US from Ireland and Italy.

False (Ireland and Germany)

Remember the Alamo was a rallying cry for Texas to defeat and win independence from Mexico. 

True

What were the two key results of the Dred Scott decision?  

The two key results of the Dred Scott decision was that  

-It indicated that the blacks had no rights 

-Does away with the Missouri compromise 

(Became a political issue)

Why do you think many historians call it the worst ever Supreme Court decision?

-It said the government couldn’t ban slavery even in free territories, which went against the idea of those territories being free.

-After the decision it caused many African Americans to protest and condemn the government for injustice

-Contradicts that  “all men are created equal”

Explain how the North and South reacted to John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry

-North: Viewed John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry as being for a noble cause.

South: Browns raid offered proof that the Northerners were actively plotting murders against slaveholders. 

How did Abraham Lincoln become famous enough to run for president? 

Because of his popular debates with Stephen Douglas.

Why did the Democratic Party split in the election of 1860? 

The Democratic Party split in the election of 1860 because both sides disagreed over the topic of slavery.

(Between Douglas and Breckinridge)

How many Southern states voted for Lincoln? 

None, he won through electoral votes from the North

(South was afraid he would abolish slavery)

What was the first state to secede? 

South Carolina was the first state to secede