unit 9 psychology

Milligram experiment (obedience study)

People are willing to obey authority even when it conflicts with personal morals

Fundamental attribution error

Overestimating personality & underestimating situation when judging others

Deindividuation

Loss of self awareness in groups—> more impulsive behavior

Mere exposure effect

Repeated exposure—> increased liking

Proximity effect

We like people physically close to us

Social loathing

People put in less effort in group work

Social facilitation

Perform better on simple tasks when others are watching (worse on difficult tasks)

Dispositional attribution

Explaining behavior by personality traits

Philip zimbardo

Psychologist who studied roles and power

Stanford prison experiment

People conform to roles;guards became abusive, prisoners submissive

Chameleon effect

Unconsciously mimicking others behavior

Bystander effect

People are less likly to help when others are present

Diffusion of responsibility

Everyone assume they will help, but no one does

Foot in the door phenomenon

small request > bigger request later

Group think

Desire for harmony —> poor decision

Obedience

Following direct order from authority

Conformity

Adjusting behavior to match group

Resistance to conformity/Obedience

More likely when, someone else disagrees, you feel responsible, authority is weaker or distant

Cognitive dissonance

Mental discomfort from conflicting beliefs/actions → change behavior/thinking

Attribution theory

How we explain behavior (internal vs external cues)

Two factor theory (emotion)

emotion =arousal +cognitive label

Normative social influence

conorm to be liked/accepted

Group polarization

Group discussion strengthens original opinions

Stereotypes

Overgeneralized beliefs about a group

In group bias

Favoring your own group

Just world hypothesis

Belief that people get what they deserve

Victim blaming

Blaming victims for their situation

Scapegoat theory

Blaming others for problems/frustration

Social traps

Short term gain —> long term harm

Mirror image perceptions

Both sides see the other as the bad guy

Frustration aggression principle

Frustration —> agression

Catharsis hypothesis

Releasing anger reduces aggression (not strongly supported)

Passionate love

Intense emotional physical attraction

Compassionate lover

Deep attachment',Trust, long term

Superordinate goals

Shared goals that require cooperation

Social exchange theory

Relationships = cost vs beenefot analysis

Reciprocity norm

We feel obligated to return favors