Final Exam 2024

Psychology

Psychology

The scientific study of mental activity and behavior, dependent on brain processing.

Biological Approach

Influence of genes, DNA, and physical makeup on personality and behavior.

Cognitive Approach

Focus on how information processing influences behavior, including memory and problem-solving.

Humanistic Approach

Emphasizes free will and the individual's ability to choose their destiny.

Behaviorism

Behavior is shaped by rewards and consequences from the environment.

Trait Theory

Personality traits are stable and help predict behaviors, including OCEAN traits.

Projective Measures

Personality tests examining unconscious processes through interpreting ambiguous stimuli.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Pyramid of needs from basic (biological) to self-actualization.

Psychodynamic Theory

Hidden motives influence personality, including the unconscious and defense mechanisms.

Locus of Control

Perception of controlling rewards and punishments internally or externally.

Survey

Descriptive method using self-report questionnaires in research.

Correlation

Examining natural relationships between variables in the real world.

Experiment

Research method testing causal hypotheses by manipulating independent variables.

Medulla

Brain part controlling survival functions like heart rate and breathing.

REM Sleep

Dream stage of sleep cycle.

Classical Conditioning

Learning process associating neutral stimuli with natural responses.

Operant Conditioning

Learning through consequences like reinforcement and punishment.

DSM-5

Diagnostic manual for mental disorders, requiring specific criteria for diagnosis.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Constant anxiety not linked to a specific object or situation.

Mania Symptoms

Symptoms include increased self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, and reckless behavior.