NUTR 202 Module 2: Think Before You Eat PPT

What does a healthy diet consist of?

variety, balance, and moderation

Variety

eating different types of foods within each food group

Balance

incorporating foods from all food groups into daily plan; balancing calories consumed with calories expended during physical activity

Moderation

avoiding overconsumption of any food or food group (portion sizes)

Nutrient density

nutrient content of food relative to its calories

Empty calories

calories that have little or no nutrient content

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

-published every 5 years since 1980 by HHS and USDA
-Recommendations on diet and lifestyle to reduce disease risk for people 2+ y/o
-last published in 2015

2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans

-focus on adaptable, nutrient-dense, eating patterns
-addresses diet quality and physical activity to manage weight and reduce chronic disease risk
-encourage getting nutrients from food and not supplements

What are the 5 healthy patterns of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

-variety of fruits, veggies, whole grains
-fat free or low fat dairy
-variety of protein sources
-oils
-physical activity

What healthy patterns are limited in 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

-saturated or trans fats (solid fats) and added sugars (SoFAS)
-sodium or salt

Fortified foods

foods with nutrients added to them
ex: calcium fortified orange juice

Enriched foods

nutrients are added back that were removed during processing
ex: enriched white rice has some B-vitamins and iron added back
-Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folate, and Iron

What is Healthy People 2020?

-set of government objectives including dietary and health goals targeted at improving overall health of U.S. population
-42 topic areas and 1200+ objectives
-created by collaborative effort by scientists, federal and state agencies, and public feedback

What are the primary goals of Healthy People 2020?

-increase quality of life through better health for all life stages
-eliminate health disparities
-create social and physical environments that promote good health

What are the top listed objectives of Healthy People 2020?

nutrition, physical activity, and obesity

Dietary Reference Intakes

Food and Nutrition board published dietary reference standards called Recommended Dietary Allowances (DRA) for specific nutrients in 1941 : calories, protein, vitamin A, vitamin D, thiamin, niacin, vitamin C, calcium, and iron

What was the original intent of RDA's?

maintain health and prevent deficiencies

What are the new standards of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?

designed for healthy people and are categorized by age group and life stage
Includes: Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), RDA, Adequate Intake (AI), Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

How do DRIs assess and improve the nutritional status of Americans?

-interpret food consumption records of populations
-establish standards for food assistance programs and plan school menus
-establish guidelines for nutrition labeling

What is the Estimated Average Requirement and why is it important?

-value assigned to a nutrient that would meet the needs of 50% of people of a specific age or life stage
-used by federal agencies for research and policy making

What is Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and why is it important?

-recommended intake required to meet daily nutrient needs for 97-98% of individuals
-used for diet planning and is foundation of DRI

What is Adequate Intake (AI) and why is it important?

-value assigned to a nutrient is some scientific evidence is available but not enough to establish a recommendation with certainty
-used to make recommendations for healthy people for nutrients with no RDA and also to calculate nutritional requirement for infants

What is Upper Intake Level (UL) and why is it important?

-highest level of daily nutrient intake that poses little risk of adverse health effects to healthy individuals
-established in response to potential toxic levels of nutrients being consumed

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

general recommendation for hoe many calories a person should consume in a day

What are the influencing factors of Estimated Energy Requirement?

age, gender, height, weight, level of physical activity

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

recommendations for amount of calories from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

What is the goal of acceptable macronutrient distribution range?

balance nutrient intake and reduce the risk of chronic conditions

MyPlate

-USDA daily plan for food intake
-replaced old food guide MyPyramid in 2011

What are the 5 food groups distributed on the MyPlate icon?

veggies, fruits, grains, dairy, and protein

SuperTracker

allows you to enter personalized info to receive an individualized meal plan and number of servings from each food group

What is the purpose of MyPlate?

-personalized meal plan
-meet DRIs
-emphasize variety, moderation, and balance

What are the 2 federal agencies that issue regulations for contents of food labels?

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Food Safety and Inspection Service of the USDA

What does the FDA regulate?

food labeling required for most packaged foods

What does the Food Safety and Inspection Service of the USDA regulate?

labeling of meat, poultry, and fresh eggs

What is the Nutrition Facts label?

-describes nutritional content of food products
-required on food labels (some foods exempt)
-can assist with meal planning

What is the serving size on the nutrition facts label?

1st place to start; standardized for product comparison

What are the calories on the nutrition facts label?

amount of calories listed in one serving as indicated on label

Nutrients on nutrition facts label

-Grouped by those to consume less of: fat, total fat, cholesterol, and sodium
-Grouped by those to consume more of: dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and iron

Daily values on nutrition facts label:

-nutrient standards used on food labels
-based on 2000 kcal diet, % met in 1 serving

What % is considered high and low in food product?

5% or less= low
20% or more= high

Label claims

FDA established guidelines that manufacturers must follow to make certain claims on their food labels

What are the 3 categories of label claims?

-health claims
-nutrient content claims
-structure/function claims

Health Claims

statements made about a product that link it or its ingredients to a reduced risk of disease
(must be FDA approved)

What are the 3 categories of health claims?

-Authorized Health Claims: supported by extensive scientific evidence and experts in the scientific community
-Qualified Health Claims: supported by scientific body of experts and based on emerging scientific evidence
-Authoritative Health Claims: claims backed and requested by body of scientific experts with the U.S. government or the National Academy of Sciences

Structure/Function claims

-commonly seen on dietary supplements
-describe association between a nutrient or food component and the structure/function in the body
-must include disclaimer on label

What is the main difference between health claims and structure/function claims?

structure/function claims do not need to be preapproved by the FDA

Nutrient Content Claims

claims approved by the FDA that describe the level of a nutrient in a food item

What are some examples of nutrient content claims?

-"free"
-"low"
-"lean" or "extra lean"
-"high"
-"good source"
-"reduced" or "less"