LAST LECTURE EXAM WOOOOO

Which of the following is not a structural specialization of the small intestine? A. Villi B. Circular folds C. Rugae D. Microvilli E. All of the above

C. Rugae

The majority of digestion and absorption occurs in the ___ A. Small intestine B. Large intestine C. Stomach D. Liver E. Pancreas

A. Small Intestine

This hormone is released from the small intestine due to fatty chime and stimulates the release of bile and pancreatic juice rich in digestive enzyme. A. CCK B. Secretin C. Gastrin D. Bile E. Amylase

A. CCK

The hepatic portal vein carries ______ blood to the liver. A. Deoxygenated, nutrient rich B. deoxygenated nutrient poor C. Oxygenated nutrient rich D. oxygenated nutrient poor

A. deoxygenated, nutrient rich

Kupffer cells are found in the _____ and function to _____ A. Pancreas; secrete pancreatic juice B. Gallbladder; secretes bile C. Small intestine; protects against pathogens D. Liver; phagocytize substances

D. Liver; phagocytize substances

What is the function of the gallbladder? A. produce Bile salts B. Store and concentrate bile C. Secrete lipase D. Mechanical digestion

B. store and concentrate Bile

Bile is needed for the digestion of _____ A. Carbs B. proteins C. Lipids D. Nucleic acids

C. lipids

Which of the following substances is not a component of pancreatic juice A. protease B. Lipase C. Amylase D. Cholesterol E. Bicarbonate (HCO-3)

D. Cholesterol

The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct empty into the ____ A. stomach B. Jejunum C. Duodenum D. Cecum E. Ilium

C. Duodenum

One important function of the normal bacterial flora within the large intestine is to A. produce vitamin K B. Produce mucus C. Absorb water and ions D. absorb vitamins E. store feces

A. Produce vitamin K

What part of the large intestine is the appendix attached to? A. The stomach B. the liver C. the Cecum

C. The cecum

The gonads A. secrete sex hormones B. are all male testes and female ovaries C. Are dormant until puberty D. Produce gametes E. All of the choices are correct

E. all of the choices are correct

The hypothalamus begins secreting _____ to initiate puberty A. LH B. GnRH C. FSH D. estrogen E. androgen

B. GnRH

Which of the following cells is haploid A. Skin cell B. Neuron C. egg and Sperm D. Osteocyte E. all are haploid

C. egg and Sperm

Midcycle there is a surge in _____ to cause ovulation. A. LH B. estrogen C. FSH D. progesterone E. inhibin

A. LH

Which type of ovarian follicle contains a secondary oocyte? A. secondary follicle B. primary follicle C. Mature follicle D. Primordial follicle

C. Mature follicle

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum A. degenerates, estrogen and progesterone levels fall, and menstruation occurs B. Degenerates, estrogen and progesterone levels increase, and menstruation occurs

A. Degenerates, estrogen and progesterone levels fall, and menstartion occurs

Fertizilization typically occurs in the _____ and implantation occurs in the ____ A. Uterus; uterine tube B. Uterine tube; uterine tube C. Uterus; Uterine tube D. Uterine tube; uterus

D. Uterine tube; uterus

In a female infant, the ovaries contain A. primordial oocytes within primordial follicles B. Primary oocytes within primordial follicles C. Primordial oocytes in corpora albicans

B. Primary oocytes within primordial follicles

If fertilization and implantation occur, the pre- embryo begins secreting ______, which will maintain the corpus luteum A. GnRH B.FSH C. LH D. hCG

D. hCG

What is the function of transitional epithelium in the urinary system? A. Propel urine through the ureters B. Peristalsis C. distention D. protection against trauma

C> distention

The muscularis layer of the urinary bladder is commonly called the ___ muscle A. Detrusor B trigone C. extrusion D. extrinsic

A. Detrusor

Within the urinary system, the storage reflex involves A. Contraction of both the detrusor muscle and the internal urethral spinchter B. Contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal urethral spinchter C. Relaxation of the detrusor muscle and contraction of the internal urethral sphinchter

C. relaxation of the detrusor muscle and contraction of the internal urethral sphincter

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? A. Ingestion B. Secretion C. Storage of vitamins D. Absorption E. Elimination

D. Absorption

Enteric motor neurons in the ____ control motility of the GI tract A. Mucosa B. Submucosa C. Muscularis D. Adventia or serosa

C. Muscularis

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with A> Lipase B. Amylase C. lysozyme D. Mucin

A. Lipase

Which of the following is not a component of gastric juice? A. HCL B. Pepsinogen C. Gastrin D> Mucin E. All of the above are components

C. Gastrin

Protein digestion begins in the stomach with A> Amylase B. Pepsin C. Lipase D. Secretin E. Gastrin

B. Pepsin

Which structure regulates gastric emptying? A. Upper esophageal sphincter B. Pyloric sphincter C. Greater omentum D. Lower esophageal sphincter

B. Pyloric sphincter

What type of receptor would detect stretch of the stomach? A. Vagus nerve B. Motor nuerons

A. Vagus nerve

Name one thing that would increase salivation?

Person about to throw up

Produce and release hormones' is the function of A. Bladder B. Stomach C. Kidney

C. Kidney

Blood enter the glomerulus by an ________ arteriole and exits by a _________ arteriole

Afferent; efferent

Juxtamedullary nephrons are important in producing concentrated ______ A. Blood B. Urine C. Saliva

B. Urine

Granular cells function is to produce, store and release _____ A. ATP B. Renin C. Bile

B. Renin

Glomerular is made up of what type of cells A. Stratified squamous B. Simple squamous cells

B. Simple squamous cells

Filtration membrane is very permeable, which means that blood cells and proteins should or should not pass through?

Should not pass through

Mesangial cells keep membrane clean with _______ A. Phagocytes B. Glomerular C. Podocytes

A. Phagocytes

Should large proteins and formed elements be in the urine or the blood

Blood

Filtration will occur as long as the pressure favoring filtration is _______ than those that oppose it (greater or less)

Greater

Glomerular capillaries have a ______ pressure than other systemic capillaries (higher or lower)

higher

If systemic B/P decreases the afferent arteriole will ______ (dilate/constrict)

Dilate

If systemic B/P increases afferent arteriole will (dilate/constrict)

Constrict

The _______ _______ is the maximum amount of a substance that can be in the blood without the substance being excreted in the urine A. NA+ threshold B. Renal threshold C. Glomerulus threshold

B. Renal Threshold

What substances are completely reabsorbed? A. Blood B. Glucose and nutrients

What is a reason that a small amount of filtered plasma proteins is completely reabsorbed?

Pregnancy, or right after a workout doing a urine test

The reabsorption of _____ is the driving force for reabsorption of all other substances A. Na+ B. K+ C. CA++

A. Na+

Sodium reabsorption requires both _____ and passive transport

Active

Na+ concentration is ____ inside tubule cell and ______ inside the tubular fluid and ISF A. High, low B. Low, high

B. Low, high

Water always moves to ______ solute (higher or lower)

higher

Because tubular fluid is more dilute than ISF, water _______ out of tubular fluid and ______ the blood (diffuses, dilutes, into, out of)

Diffuses, into

Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion, making you secrete more or less?

More

Consider someone who has a alkaline (fruits and veg) diet, what would that do to their blood H+ and PH? (increased blood H+, decreased Blood H+, decreased PH, Increased Ph)

Decreased blood H+, increased pH

Consider someone who has a acidic (animal protein) diet, what would that do to their blood H+ and PH? (increased blood H+, decreased Blood H+, decreased PH, Increased Ph)

Increased blood H+ decreased pH

What does ADH do? helps regulate the amount of ______ in your body. A. Blood B. Protein C. water

C. Water

ADH works by exerting osmotic pressure to ______ water out of the tubular fluid (in collecting ducts and tubules) to be reabsorbed into the ______ A. push, blood B. Pull, blood C. Push, lipids

B. Pull, blood

While the average amount of urine is 1 to 2 Liters, the body requires at least .5 Liters to do what?

Eliminate waste

Submucosa is dense CT, and it supports the _______ A. Bladder wall B. urethra C. Ureter

A. Bladder wall

The muscularis houses the _____ muscle, which is composed of three layers of smooth muscle, it also thcikens to form the internal urethral sphinchter, and is in between the bladder and urethra

Detrusor

The micturition reflex is only active when what?

peeing

The ______ phase is regulated by cephalic reflex, initiated by thought, smell, sight, or taste of food, increases gastric motility and secretion due to increased parasympathetic stimulation

Cephalic

The gastric phase is regulated by the gastric reflex and gastrin, the presence of _______ in the stomach initiates the gastric reflex and stimulates the release of gastrin, increases gastric motility and secretion, increases the release of HCI (gastrin), stimulates contraction of the pyloric sphincter to slow gastric emptying (gastrin)

food

Intestinal phase is regulated by the intestinal reflex and two _________ released by the small intestine, intestinal reflex is initiated by the entry of chyme into the duodenum, decreases gastric motility and secretion, opposes the cephalic and gastric phases, protects the small intestine from being overloaded with chyme

hormones

______ cells secrete lyszome and other antimicrobial agents, and combat microbes that made it into the small intestine A. Paneth B. goblet

A. Paneth

Where does the common bile duct empty into A. Pancreas B. Duodenum C. Goblet cells D. Urine

B. Duodenum

CCK is released when we have fatty _____, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic juice rich in digestive enzymes, also relaxes hepatopancreatic sphincter

Chyme

Secretin is released due to acidity of ______, and stimulates the release of alkaline fluid from liver and pancreas

Chyme

Gastrin is released due to the presence of _____ in the stomach, increases the gastric motility and secretion, and increases the release of HCI (gastrin)

food

Meiosis produces haploid daughter cells which are geneticallly _______ (The same; different)

Different

The primary oocyte gets surrounded by the zona pellucida and the corona radiate, which is a obstacle for the _____ cell (egg/sperm)

Sperm

White connective tissue scar is different than most scar tissue because it ________ A. Reabsorbs into the body (mostly) B. Regenerates the skin

A. reabsorbs into the body

In the preantral menstral cycle there is no ______ A. period B. Ovulation

B. Ovulation

20 primordial follicles will develop into primary follicles but only ___ will ovulate A. 1 B. 15 C. all 20

A. 1

As inhibin and estrogen levels increase, FSH and LH will _______ (decrease/increase)

decrease

What hormone causes ovulation? A. LH B. Secretin C. Gastrin

A. LH

Is ovulation a positive or negative feedback loop

Positive

When does the primary oocyte turn into a secondary oocyte? A. during ovulation B. after puberty C. After sperm enters the uterine tube

B. after puberty

during fertilization, a sperm cell unites with a secondary oocyte and their nuclei fuse, this forms a single diploid cell called a ________ A. zygote B. diploid cell C. spermatic cell

A. Zygote

The placenta is a structure that carries out exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes between maternal and fetal blood, placenta has both ______ and _______ components

Maternal, fetal

Fundus- broad superior region is how you know what? A. That the fetus is getting ample blood B. that the fetus is growing properly C. That the mother is supplying the fetus well

B. That the fetus is growing properly