Cell Respiration and Interactions in Biological Systems

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to cellular respiration, interactions, and interdependence within biological systems.

What is the role of NAD in cellular respiration?

NAD serves as a carrier of hydrogen and is involved in oxidation by removing hydrogen during cellular respiration.

What is the net yield of ATP in glycolysis from one molecule of glucose?

The net yield of ATP in glycolysis is 2 ATP.

What are the products of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

The products of anaerobic respiration in yeast are ethanol and carbon dioxide.

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + 36 ATP.

In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

What are the consequences of respiration for ecosystems?

Respiration contributes to the cycling of energy and matter in ecosystems.

What is the first stage of respiration for carbohydrates?

The first stage of respiration for carbohydrates is glycolysis.

How does pyruvate contribute to anaerobic respiration?

Pyruvate is converted to lactate to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis in anaerobic respiration.

What is chemiosmosis and its role in ATP production?

Chemiosmosis is the movement of protons across a membrane, which generates ATP through ATP synthase.

What is the primary role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

Oxygen acts as the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.

What is the energy yield per gram from carbohydrates?

The energy yield per gram from carbohydrates is 17 kilojoules per gram.

What happens to pyruvate in the presence of oxygen during the link reaction?

Pyruvate is transported to the mitochondria and undergoes decarboxylation and oxidation.

What do reduced NADH and FADH2 do in cellular respiration?

Reduced NADH and FADH2 transfer electrons to the electron transport chain.

What are two main products of anaerobic respiration in organisms other than yeast?

Lactic acid and ATP.

What is the importance of phosphorylation in glycolysis?

Phosphorylation makes molecules less stable, facilitating their breakdown.