Anth

It means 'human' or 'man'.

What is the meaning of the prefix 'Anthropos' in anthropology?

It means 'the study of'.

What does the suffix 'Ology' represent in anthropology?

Archaeology, Cultural Anthropology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistic Anthropology.

What are the four main subfields of anthropology?

Archaeology

The study of past humans through the analysis of their material remains.

Culture

Learned behavior that is transmitted from person to person, which can be shared across space and time.

Biological Anthropology

The study of human biology and the evolution and variation of humans and their relatives.

Linguistic Anthropology

The study of the history, construction, and use of language in human populations.

Biocultural Anthropology

The study of the interrelationship between human biology and culture.

Science

Science is the organized study of the natural world through observation, experimentation, and testing of ideas.

Scientific Method

Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion.

Evolutionary Theory

How species change over time through natural processes.

Taxonomy

The classification of organisms reflecting their degrees of relatedness.

Phylogeny

The evolutionary history and relationships among species or groups of organisms.

'Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup'

It represents the hierarchy of Taxonomy: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Mary Anning

A paleontologist who discovered the first Ichthyosaurus, Plesiosaurus, and Pterodactylus.

Gene pool

The collection of alleles present in a population.

Mutation

A change that creates variation within the gene pool and makes long-term evolutionary change possible.

Natural selection, Mutation, Gene flow, Genetic drift.

What are the four central mechanisms that change allele frequencies over time?

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

A state in which allele and genotype frequencies in a population remain constant over time.

Bottleneck effect

A type of genetic drift that occurs when a population's size is drastically reduced.

Knowledge System

A unified way of knowing that is often shared by a group of people and is used to explain and predict phenomena

Scientific Law

A prediction about what will happen under certain conditions (usually associated with a mathematical formula)

Empirical - “related to experiences”

Best defined as evidence that is verified by experience and observation.

4+ Disciplines of Anthropology

Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Cultural Anthropology, Linguistic Anthropology (and 'applied anthropology')

Taxonomy

Refers to the classification of organisms in a system that reflects the degrees of relatedness.

George Cuvier

This French paleontologist and comparative anatomist helped establish the concept of species extinction.

Linnaeus’ Taxonomic System

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Eamily, Genus, Species

Alfred Russel Wallace

This individual is often recognized as a co-discoverer of natural selection, alongside Charles Darwin.

The Modern Synthesis

The merging of Mendelian genetics with Darwinian evolution that resulted in a unified theory of evolution.

Mendez’s Law of Independent Assortment

The inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of the other.

Law of Segregation

Which principle of inheritance explains why two alleles are separated into different gametes?

Organelles

The nucleus, mitochondria, and the golgi body

Diploid; Haploid

Most human cells are - meaning they come in matching pairs of chromosomes (one set from each parent). Gametes are — meaning they only have one set of chromosomes

Introns

Intervening sequences that are removed during RNA splicing and do not usually code for proteins

Uracil; Adenine

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA, and what other base does it pair with?

Histones; Chromosomes

To organize DNA in a cell it undergoes coiling. First, DNA is first wrapped around proteins called This creates a complex called chromatin, which resembles "beads on a string". Next, chromatin is further coiled into a _ of which human body cells typically have 46.

Codons

The nucleotides in the mRNA are read as triplets

Helicase

During DNA replication, which enzyme unzips the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the two strands?

Regulatory Genes

Homeotic (Hox) genes play a key role in controlling the body plan of an organism during development. What type of gene are they considered?

Vitamin D

Rickets is characterized by inadequately calcified bones that are softer and more flexible than normal.

Individuals with rickets may not have received enough _during their growth and development.

Bergmann’s Rule

According to which ecological principle do populations of a species in colder climates tend to have larger body sizes, while those in warmer climates tend to have smaller body sizes?

Future genotype frequencies

The Hardy-Weinberg equation describes the genetic makeup of a population under certain conditions. What does an equation allow biologists to determine about a population?