medical terminology exam 2

alges

sensitivity to pain

asthenia

weakness

cephal(o)

head

cerebrum

main part of the brain

crani

skull

di-

across

gli

glue

astro

star

dendrite

a short projection from a neuron's soma that receives stimuli

-cele

hernia

encephal(o)

inside the head

mening

membrane

para

beside

polio

gray

psych

mind

glial

support cell of the nervous system

myel(o)

spinal cord

neur(o)

nerve

ventriculo

cavity in an organ

-ectomy

removal

-itis

inflammation

Central Nervous System

brain and spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body; all peripheral nerves

neurons

Generate nerve impulses and consist of a cell body (soma), dendrites, and axon; main cell of the nervous system

axon

transfer nerve impulses

fissure

a deep groove

sulcus

a shallow groove

gyrus

elevated ridge

cerebellum

"little brain"; major role in movement coordination

diencephalon

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

brain stem

connects the brain and spinal cord

meninges

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater; protect the brain and spinal cord

What is the spinal cord?

Nervous tissue extending from the brain stem to the sacrum.

Where is the spinal cord housed?

In the vertebral foramen.

stimulus

change in environment

soma

cell body of a neuron that contains the nucleus and many cell organelles

receptor

proteins on a cell that detect a stimulus

nerve

bundle of axons that transfer nerve impulses

myelin

fatty insulating material around axons

peripheral nerves

send nerve signals from the body parts to the spinal cord and vise versa

cerebrospinal fluid

the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord

white matter

tissue in the CNS that is made of myelinated axons

astrocytes

maintain brain homeostasis (CNS)

microglia

protects neurons (CNS)

Oligodendrocytes

produce myelin in CNS

Ependymal Cells

line brain ventricles (CNS)

satellite cells

surround and support PNS neuron soma

schwann cells

produce myelin in PNS

afferent (sensory) nerves

nerves that send signals to the CNS

automatic nervous system

branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls unconscious functions

sympathetic nervous system

branch of the autonomic nervous system that is activated in times of stress or excitement

synapse

point where a neuron passes its nerve impulse to another neuron or cell

effector

body part or structure that is activated in response to a series of nerve impulses

efferent (motor) nerves

nerves that send signals away from the CNS, usually to muscles

flexure

turn or bend in the body

Ganglion (ganglia)

groups of soma outside the CNS

gray matter

tissue in the CNS that is primarily composed of soma and dendrites

Neurotransmitter

chemical released by a neuron to allow cells to communicate

plexus

collection of interconnecting nerves

Reflex

Involuntary response to stimuli

sensation

when a stimulus is interpreted by the brain

somatic nervous system

a division of the peripheral nervous system that controls skeletal muscles

Aphasia

Disorder affecting speech

demyelination

loss of myelin

electroencephalogram

machine that records the electrical activity of the brain

Encephalitis

Brain inflammation

epidural

above dura mater

glioblastoma

tumor originating from the glial cells

hydrocephalus

collection of fluid on the brain

Meningitis

Inflammation of the meninges

Multiple Sclerosis

Autoimmune disease that scars the nerves of the CNS

neuralgia

pain along the nerve pathway

Neurology

Study of the nervous system

neuroma

tumor on the nerve

Neuropathy

Nerve damage condition

poliomyelitis

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

subdural hematoma

collection of blood under the dura mater

-ac

pertaining to

-plasty

surgical repair

angio

vessel

-poiesis

formation

ather

fatty plaque

-sclerosis

hardening

brady

slow

septum

partition, wall

cardio

heart

-stasis

stop

coron

heart; crown; circle

-stenosis

narrowing

endo

within

-genic

producing; causing

thromb

clot

-gram

recording

valv

valve

isch

deficiency

vascul/o

vessel; tubes

-megaly

enlarged

vaso

vessel

peri

around

ven

vein