P6 | First Quiz Terms and Definitions

Static Electricity

• (or electricity at rest) is produced when there is an imbalanced of electrical charges.

Benjamin Franklin

• carried out famous experiments involving flying kites during thunderstorms.

• Classified charges as either positive or negative.

JJ Thomson

• discovered negatively charged particles known as electrons

Ernest Rutherford

• discovered positively charged particles known as protons

• Charges are measured in coulombs (C).

Unlike charges ..

Atrract

Like charges …

Repel

Charge Separation

• occurs when an external charged sphere is placed near the neutral sphere.

Atom

• smallest constituent unit of matter that showcases the properties of a given chemical element.

Electrons

• negatively-charged subatomic particles

• Electrons move freely around the nucleus.

Proton

• positively-charged subatomic particles

Nucleons

• Protons and neutrons are enclosed in the atoms nucleus and is called this

Net Charge

• sum of the number of electrons and protons

Electron Affinity

• The chemical property of an atom to attract electrons itself

Charging by Conduction

• Also known as charging by contact.

• A charged object is touched to a conductor.

Law of Conservation of Charge

• It states that the algebraic sum of all the electric charges in any closed system is constant.

Charging by friction

• can happen when you rub two objects with unequal electronegativity.

• The object with higher electronegativity will be negatively charged and the other object with lower electronegativity will be positively charged.

Charging by induction

• can happen due to induced charges.

• The charges in a conducting object can be rearranged with the presence of an external charged object.

Electric Field

• is defined as the amount of electric force on a charged body exerted by external charged bodies.

Charge

• produces an electric field around it

Test Charge

will react to it by experiencing electric force

Coulomb’s Law

• quantifies the amount of force between two stationary charged particles

Electrostatic Force

• directly dependent on the amount of charge of the interacting particles.

Michael Faraday

• an English scientist

• introduced the concepts of fields and lines of force which paved the way to several important discoveries in physics.

Electric Flux

• It refers to the “rate of the flow of the electric field,” as determined by the number of electric field or flux lines passing through a given region.

• The summation of these field lines is what is termed as

Gauss Law

• states that in any closed surface, the electric flux is equivalent to the net charge inside the closed surface divided by 𝜺0.

Cylindrical Gaussian Surface

• may be used If the electric charge is uniformly distributed along a long line