Biology 2 Lab Exam 3

Which of the following do all fungi have in common?

absorption of nutrients

Fungi can be either multicellular or unicellular

True

Fungi obtain their nutrition by ingesting their food.

False

Which of the following is a characteristic of hyphate fungi (fungi featuring hyphae)?

They are adapted for rapid directional growth to new food sources.

Thread-like individual filaments of fungi are referred to as __________.

hyphae

The body of the fungus is called the __________.

mycelium

Cells of fungi have cell walls made of  __________.

chitin

Members of the phylum __________ produce two kinds of haploid spores, one kind being asexually produced conidia.

Ascomycota

The ascomycetes get their name from which aspect of their life cycle?

sexual structures

Sexual reproduction in the ascomycota fungi produces either four or eight haploid __________.

ascospores

Ascospores develop within an __________.

ascus

Zygosporangia are to zygomycota (zygote fungi) as basidia are to __________.

club fungi

Mushrooms with gills have meiotically produced spores located in or on __________.

basidia

Lichens are symbiotic associations of fungi and __________.

A or B

The lichen body is called the __________.

thallus

The figure below shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following question.

Which group contains diploblastic organisms?

I

The figure below shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following question.

Which group consists of deuterostomes?

II

The figure below shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following question.

Which group includes both ecdysozoans and lophotrochozoans?

III

The figure below shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree. Use the diagram to answer the following question.

Which two groups have members that undergo ecdysis?

III

Nematode worms and annelid worms share which of the following features?

use of fluid in the body cavity as a hydrostatic skeleton

Which of the following are characteristics of arthropods?

1. protostome development

2. bilateral symmetry

3. a pseudocoelom

4. three embryonic germ layers

5. a closed circulatory system

1, 2, and 4

Among the invertebrate phyla, phylum Arthropoda is unique in possessing members that have __________.

wings

Protostomes that have an open circulatory system and an exoskeleton of chitin are part of which phylum?

Arthropoda

The three main regions of the crayfish body are the head, abdomen, and __________, which is fused with the head.

thorax

The expanded exoskeletal plate covering the gills of a crayfish is called the __________.

carapace

Arthropods have a closed circulation system, since both arteries and veins are present.

False

Which of the following is a characteristic of adult echinoderms?

secondary radial symmetry

Which of the following describe(s) echinoderms?

Only A and B are true

Deuterostomes that have an endoskeleton are part of which phylum?

Echinodermata

Which of the following animal groups is entirely aquatic?

Echinodermata

Which of the following is a shared characteristic of all chordates?

dorsal, hollow nerve cord

What is one characteristic that separates chordates from all other animals?

post-anal tail

Which of these are characteristics of all chordates during at least a portion of their development?'

All of the above

Which extant chordates are postulated to be most like the earliest chordates in appearance?

lancelets

Which is characteristic of all mammals, and only of mammals?

having glands to produce nourishing milk for offspring

Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive their nutrition __________.

by ingesting it

Which of the following is/are unique to animals?

nervous condition and muscular movement

You are trying to identify an organism. It is an animal, but it does not have nerve or muscle tissue. It is neither diploblastic nor triploblastic. It is probably a __________.

sponge

The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is that between having __________.

true tissues or no tissues

Which of the following is descriptive of protostomes?

spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth

What is characteristic of all ecdysozoans?

some kind of exoskeleton, or hard outer covering

What distinguishes a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates __________.

have a body cavity completely lined by mesodermal tissue, whereas pseudocoelomates do not

Which of the following functions is an advantage of a fluid-filled body cavity?

All of the above

Which cells in a sponge are primarily responsible for trapping and removing food particles from circulating water?

choanocytes

The large opening to the body at one end of a sponge is called the __________.

osculum

The structures that provide support to the sponge body and are made of silica or calcium carbonate are called __________.

spicules

The central cavity of the sponge is called the __________.

spongocoel

The supportive material of a sponge that consists of a soft proteinaceous substance is __________.

spongin

A radially symmetrical animal that has two embryonic tissue layers probably belongs to which phylum?

Cnidaria

Which of the following are characteristics of the phylum Cnidaria?

1. a gastrovascular cavity

2. a polyp stage

3. a medusa stage

4. cnidocytes

5. a pseudocoelom

1, 2, 3, and 4

Cnidarians have a unique cell type called __________.

cnidocytes

The members of which class of the phylum Cnidaria occur only as polyps?

Anthozoa

Most animals belonging to the Phylum __________ have a hard external shell, a mantle, a visceral mass, and a muscular foot for locomotion.

Mollusca

The stinging organelles of cnidarians are called __________.

nematocysts

The __________ of a mollusk is the structure that secretes the shell.

mantle