Solutions Review Sheet Flashcards

Flashcards based on the Solutions Review Sheet.

What are the components of a solution and their characteristics?

A solution is a stable homogeneous mixture of solvent and solute. The solvent is the component present in greater amount and dissolves the solute.

What are the key differences among a solution, a colloid, and a suspension?

Solution: homogeneous, stable, small particles. Colloid: homogeneous, stable, medium particles, exhibits the Tyndall Effect. Suspension: heterogeneous, unstable, separates.

Define solubility.

The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature.

What are the ideal conditions for dissolving a solid solute in a liquid solvent as quickly as possible?

High temperature, agitation (shaking/stirring), and small particle size (powders).

What are the ideal conditions for dissolving a gas into a liquid solvent?

Low temperature and high pressure.

How would you create a supersaturated solution of substance A using the solubility curve, with specific numbers?

1. Heat the solvent to about 30°C.
2. Dissolve the maximum amount of solute at this temperature (approximately 73g).
3. Allow the solution to slowly cool to room temperature (approximately 20°C). At 20°C, 73g exceeds the saturation point, creating a supersaturated solution.

Describe what happens on a molecular level in a strong electrolyte.

Complete dissociation into ions.

Describe what happens on a molecular level in a weak electrolyte.

Partial dissociation into ions.

Describe what happens on a molecular level in a non-electrolyte.

No dissociation into ions; molecules remain intact (e.g., glucose).

How do you calculate the molarity of a solution?

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution

If you have a solution with a volume of 250mL containing 0.15 moles of solute, what is the molarity?

0.6 M (0.15 moles / 0.25 L)

How do you calculate the volume of a solution given the molarity and grams of solute?

Volume (L) = moles of solute / Molarity. First, convert grams to moles using the solute's molecular weight.

Describe the process to create a 500mL, 0.75M solution of tin(II) chlorate.

1. Calculate the mass of tin(II) chlorate needed (0.375 mol x 285.6 g/mol = 107g)
2. Measure out 107g of tin(II) chlorate using a balance.
3. Dissolve the compound in 400mL of water.
4. Transfer the solution to a 500mL volumetric flask.
5. Carefully fill the flask to the measurement line with water.
6. Cap and shake gently.

How do you perform a dilution to create a solution with a lower concentration?

Use the formula M1V1 = M2V2, where M1 and V1 are the molarity and volume of the stock solution, and M2 and V2 are the molarity and volume of the diluted solution.

Describe the process to create a 100mL, 0.35M dilution of tin(II) chlorate from the 0.75M stock solution.

1. Calculate the required volume of stock solution (46.7 mL using M1V1 = M2V2).
2. Measure 46.7 mL of the 0.75M stock solution with a graduated cylinder.
3. Carefully add it to a 100 mL volumetric flask.
4. Carefully add water to the fill line of the flask.